კონტენტ- ანალიზი

Мангейм Дж.Б., Рич Р.К. Политология. Методы исследования: Пер. с англ. / Предисловие А.К. Соколова. – М.: Издательство “Весь Мир”, 1997. – 544 с.

Электронная версия подготовлена при участии
Светланы Закоян, Вадима Лодина и Петра Кирьяна, http://grachev62.narod.ru/Mr/Mr_og.html

 

kontent-analizi

              Zalian xSirad politologs SeuZlia gaigos individebis, socialuri jgufebis, dawesebulebebisa da agreTve qveynebis Sesaxeb axali ram, Tu Seiswavlis maTTan dakavSirebul sainformacio wyaroebs. Seesabameba ki kandidatis Sesaxeb, misi politikuri SesaZleblobebis, upiratesobebis Sesaxeb winasaarCevno plakatebisa da satelevizio kampaniis meSveobiT gavrcelebuli informacia simarTles. SesaZlebelia Tu ara msxvili korporaciis Sida cirkularis SeswavliT aRmovaCinoT misi administraciis saidumlo gegmebi, romliTac isini apireben ucxo qveynis warmomadgenelTa moqraTamvas? ramdenad zustia informacia, romelic “kongresis moambeSi” (“Congressional Record”) gamoqveynda da exeboda Tu ara rusul-amerikuli diplomatiuri komunike imas, Tu rogor aRiqvams sazogadoeba cvlilebebs, romlebic mimdinareobs rusul-amerikul urTierTobebSi.      

              saukeTeso pasuxi am da sxva kiTxvebze SeuZlia mogvces sxvadasxva sainformacio wyaroebis pirdapirma da zustma Seswavlam. es wyaroebi sam kategoriad SeiZleba davyoT: Sinagani warmomavlobis wyaroebi (romelTac Seadgenen is individebi, dawesebulebebi an mTavroba, romelsac SeviswavliT.) Sinagani warmomavlobis, magram garegnulad orientirebuli wyaroebi.  (iseTi publikaciebi, rogoricaa “kongresis moambe”, romelSic informacia mowodebulia iseTi saxiT, rom Camoyalibdes wyaros sruliad gansazRvruli imiji da romelTac SeuZliaT zustad asaxon an Secvalon gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi da Sedegebi.) da bolos garegnuli warmomavlobis wyaroebi, romelnic Signidan arian orientirebulni. (magaliTad, winasaarCevno agitacia, romelic warudgens recipients amosaval wertils gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.) wyaroTa am kategoriaTagan TiToeuli SeiZleba iyos ama Tu im doziT xelmisawvdomi an sasargeblo mkvlevarisaTvis, magram amasTan, yvela maTgani Tanabrad uzrunvelyofs politikuri qcevis arsis ufro safuZvlianad gagebis SesaZleblobas.

              aseTi SesaZleblobis yvelaze ufro adekvatur meTods warmoadgens kontent-analizi – sainformacio wyaros formisa da Semadgenlobis sistematiuri ricxobrivi damuSaveba, Sefaseba da interpretacia. kontent-analizi gvamaragebs meTodiT – ufro swored meTodTa seriiT, - romelTa daxmarebiTac SegviZlia ganvazogadoT esa Tu is materialuri qcevis gamovlineba da sxvadasxva politikur subieqtTa gansxvavebuli tipebis urTierTqmedeba. am TavSi ganvixilavT, rodis aris saWiro kontent-analizis gamoyeneba, ra aris ZiriTadi am meTodikaSi, rogor unda movaxdinoT misi Sedegebis interpretacia da rogoria misi gamoyenebis zRvari.

 

momzadeba kontent-analizisaTvis

           kontent-analizi yovelTvis SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnas kvlevis kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad, Tu arsebobs informaciis raRac materialuri matarebeli, romelic aseTuise exeba im politikur subieqtebs, romlebic gvainteresebs da rodesac mkvlevars xeli miuwvdeba sainformacio wyaroze. aseTi matareblebis magaliTebia – wignebi, pamfletebi, Jurnalebi, gazeTebi, audio da video Canawerebi, fotosuraTebi, sxdomebidan amokrebili  protokolebi, samTavrobo dokumentebi, Sida cirkuliarebi, filmebi, diplomatiuri komunikeebi da instruqciebi, politikuri plakatebi, karikaturebi da lozungebi, sityviT gamomsvlelTa teqstebi da agreTve werilebi da dRiurebic ki. am matarebelTagan zogierTi SeiZleba iyos zusti da utyuri. (rogorc, magaliTad kongresis sxdomis sruli Canaweri) gansxavebiT iseTebisagan, rogoricaa amave kongresis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli reportaJi. bevri maTgani aranairad ar aris damokidebuli kvlevis procesze (rogorc, magaliTad sagazeTo publikaciebi Cven mier Sesaswavli pirebis an organizaciebis Sesaxeb). magram arsebobs iseTebic, romelic mkvlevarma Tavad unda Caweros (magaliTad sainformacio teleprogramebis videoCanawerebi). Tumca, monacemTa yvela wyaros romelic gamoiyeneba kontent-analizisaTvsis aerTianebs erTi Tviseba: informaciis materialuri matareblis arseboba. yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac is arsebobs, an aris misi gamoCenis SesaZlebloba dasaSvebia kontent-analizis meTodis gamoyeneba.

               pirveli nabiji kontent-analizisaTvis mzadebaSi mdgomareobs im monacemTa erTianobis gansazRvraSi, romlis Seswavlasac vapirebT. aq Cvens winaSe iSleba rigi SesaZleblobebi. is, romelic optimaluria, damokidebuli iqneba kvlevis konkretul kiTxvaze. magaliTad, Tu Cveni kvlevis obieqts warmoadgens politikuri siuJetebi 20-e saukunis amerikul romanistikaSi, maSin unda ganvsazRvroT aSS-Si (monacemis gavrcelebis adgili) gamoqveynebuli Cveni kvlevis saZiebo romanTa (monacemTa tipi) erTianoba. periodi 1900 wlis pirveli ianvridan dRemde (monacemis gaCenis dro).

             Tu Cven gvainteresebs  Tu rogor Suqdeboda gazeTebSi gansazRvruli winasaarCevno kampania, saZiebo erTianoba iqneba- yoveldRiur gazeTebSi gamoqveynebuli (monacemis gamoCenis sixSire) yvela winasaarCevno sagazeTo publikacia (monacemis tipi) ori an meti sagazeTo svetis moculobis (monacemis zoma), romlebic vrceldeboda ohaios Statis 6-e, 7-e da 8-e saarCevno StatSi ( monacemis gavrcelebis adgili). periodi arCevnebis Catarebis wlis 1 seqtembridan 5 noemris CaTvliT. (monacemis gaCenis dro).

             zustad aseve Tu gvsurs gamovikvlioT daZabuloobis ganviTarebis dinamika amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da ugandas Soris 70-ian wlebSi, saZiebo erToblioba iqneba gansazRvruli rogorc yvela diplomatiuri gzavnili (monacemis tipi) romelTac cvlidnen amerikisa da ugandis mxareebi (komunikaciis procesSi CarTuli mxareebi) drois garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi.

            yvela am magaliTSi, romelic kvlevas eqvemdebareba, monacemTa erToblioba ganisazRvreba im kriteriumebis krebulis daxmarebiT, romelsac unda akmayofilebdes TiToeuli monacemi. am kriteriumebs ganekuTvneba: monacemTa tipebi (romanebi, sagazeTo publikaciebi, diplomatiuri notebi), komunikaciis procesSi monawile mxareebi (gamgzavni, mimRebi an orive erTad), agreTve gavrcelebis adgili, monacemTa gamoCenis sixSire, minimaluri moculoba da sigrZe, gavrcelebis xerxi da monacemis gamoCenis dro. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT sxva kriteriumebic. kontent-analizisaTvis momzadebis pirveli amocana mdgomareobs am krteriumebidan iseTis amorCevaSi, romelTac metnaklebad uSualo kavSiri aqvT kvlevis konkretul kiTxvasTan.

             mas Semdeg, rac ganvsazRvravT monacemTa erTobliobas, Cvens winaSe dgeba amocana gadavwyvitoT am monacemTagan romels SeviswavliT ufro detalurad. ramdenadac analizze damokidebuli SemTxvevebi (monacemebi) xSirad ricxvobrivad ganiszRvreba da gansakuTrebiT xelsmisawvdomia, da ramdenadac kontent-analizis Catareba mTlianobaSi naklebad Zviria (TiToeul monacemze gaTvliT), riTac sxva meTodebi, (gansakuTrebiT gamokiTxva) ver daikvexnian, xandaxan SesaZlebelia zustad SeviswavloT TiToeuli SemTxveva (monacemi) mocemuli erTobliobidan  e.i aRvweroT yvela SemTxveva. zustad es SesaZlebloba - SeviswavloT SemTxvevaTa didi raodenoba, warmoadgens kontent-analizis erT-erT mTavar momxibvlel Tvisebas.

               kontent-analizis CatarebisaTvis aucilebelia miviRoT gadawyvetileba sazomi erTeulis Sesaxeb, an – Tu gamoviyenebT ufro gavrcelebul termins – analizis erTeulis Sesaxeb. kontent-analizis meTodiT kvlevisas analizis erTeuli – es ubralod gamorCeuli elementia im monacemis, romlis Seswavlas, gazomvasa da Sefasebas  vapirebT. monacemis ubralo elements warmoadgens sityva, romelic kontent-analizSi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas ase Tu ise pirdapiri saxiT. magaliTad, rodesac gvsurs miviRoT pasuxi kiTxvaze “ramdenad ainteresebdaT mTeli msoflios masStabiT problemebis gadaWris sakiTxi reigans, karters, fords da niqsons?” Cven SegviZlia aviRoT TiToeuli prezidentis gamosvlebis Canaweri da davTvaloT, ramdenjer iyo naxsenebi teqstSi sityva “msoflio” (SesaZlebelia am sityvasTan kavSirSi myofi sxva sityvac). rodesac vpasuxobT kiTxvas “romeli qveyana – israeli, egvipte, siria Tu saudis arabeTi – iWers metnaklebad mSvidobian pozicias axlo aRmosavleTis konfliqtTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ganixilavT maTi mmarTvelebis gamosvlebs gaeroSi 1975-1990 wlebSi?“ isev gamoviyenebT Canawerebis ganxilvis meTods da daviTvlidiT iseTi sityvebis gamoCenis sixSires rogorebicaa “mSvidoba”, “Zmoba”, “kompromisi” da a.S. ase da amgvarad, meTodi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom SemoviRoT sakvanZo sityvebi da daviTvaloT maTi monacemebSi gamoyenebis sixSire.

                Tumca, aseTi martivi proceduris drosac unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom Tavi unda avaridoT or damaxasiaTebel Secdomas. pirvel rigSi, unda gvaxsovdes, rom arastandartizebuli sazomebiT operirebam SesaZlebelia migviyvanos Sedegebis arevamde. Tu ganxiluli drois periodSi israelis warmomomadgenlebma TavianT gamosvlebSi warmoTqves 100000 sityva, CvenTvis saintereso sakvanZo sityvebi maT mier naxsenebi iyo 50-jer, xolo egviptis warmomadgenlebma 200000 sityva warmoTqves, 100 sakvanZo sityvis CaTvliT. aqedan gamomdinare mivdivarT or gansxvavebul daskvnamde, imis mixedviT, standartizebulia Tu ara Cveni maCveneblebi. Tu ubralod davTvliT sakvanZo sityvebis xsenebis saerTo ricxvs, gamodis, rom egviptis warmomadgenlebma aCvenes orjer meti dainteresebuloba msoflioSi konfliqtebis mogvarebis sakiTxSi, vidre israelis warmomadgenlebma. magram Tu movaxdenT Cveni sazomis ise standarizebas, rom misi saSualebiT SesaZlebeli iyos yvela sakvanZo moxsenebis wilis gansazRvra (davuSvaT savaraudod yoveli meaTase sityva), sabolood, SevZlebT davaskvnaT, rom orive mxare Tanabrad aris dainteresebuli konfliqtis mogvarebis sakiTxiT. am meTodTagan romeli ufro mizanSewonilia? es aris cvladebis operacionalizaciisas yvelaze mTavari kiTxva da masze pasuxis miRebis yvelaze ukeTesi xerxia ufro yuradRebiT davakvirdeT Tu rogori iyo Tavidan kvlevis problema konceptualizebuli. saqme imaSia, rom iseTi gansazRvruli konkretuli maCveneblis gamoyenebam, rogoricaa warmoTqmuli sakvanZo sityvebis raodenoba, SeiZleba migviyvanos orazrovan Sedegamde. mkvlevari unda amCnevdes am orazrovnebas da SeeZlos masTan gamklaveba, ramdenadac miRebulma (an piriqiT, gaSvebulma) gadawyvetilebebma SeiZleba iqonion arsebiTi mniSvneloba saboloo daskvnebze.

             meore Secdoma, romelic sityvebis ase uxeSad da sworxazovnad daTvlisas SeiZleba iqnas daSvebuli, mdgomareobs imaSi, rom erTsa da imave sityvas SesaZlebelia hqondes sxvadasxva konteqsti, rac cvlis maT mniSvnelobas. “Cven viswrafiT mSvidobisaken magram...”, “arabuli saZmo arasodes ar dauSvebs...”,  “kompromisze saubaric ki zedmetia...” – nebismieri saxis kontrolis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi sityvebi “mSvidoba” “Zmoba” “kompromisi” CaiTvleba pozitiuri saxiT naxsenebad, es ki – yvelaze cota – migviyvans dainteresebuli mxareebis mier msoflio SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb miRweul saqmeSi niSnis momatebamde. Tu aseTi SemTxvevebi sityvaTa gamoyenebisa xSiria, sabolood dezorientaciamde mivalT. amitom, rodesac sityvebis daTvlas SevudgebiT, es konteqstis mixedviT unda movaxdinoT.

               aq Cven gvxvdeba minimum ori SesaZlebloba. erTismxriv, Cven SegviZlia eqspertTa mosazrebebi gamoviyenoT, e.i. mkvlevarTa im jgufis wevrebisa, romelTa movaleobasac warmoadgens sakvanZo sityvebis konteqstebis gacnoba da Sefaseba pozitiur, negatiur da neitralur konteqstSi. Cveulebriv, sanam saboloo daskvna iqneba miRebuli, TiToeuli moxseneba minimum ori mkvlevaris mier unda iqnas wakiTxuli da maTi Sefasebebi erTmaneTTan TanxmobaSi unda modiodnen. (am sakiTxs kidev davubrundebiT). konteqstTa aseTi Sefasebebi SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs davTvaloT pozitiur da negatiur monacemTa Soris ricxvobrivi kavSiri.

              meore SesaZleblobas warmoadgens konteqstidan calkeul sityvaTa interpretaciis xerxi. (Tumca, amiT xdeba problemis mxolod nawilobriv gadawyveta). am dros xdeba kvlevaSi analizis meore erTeulis – Temis damateba. Tema – es aris winadadebaSi an abzacSi ramodenime gansazRvruli sityvis an gagebis SeTanxmeba, romelic Semdeg frazaSi gadadis.  faqtobrivad Temis gaTvaliswinebiT, Cven veZebT teqstSi ganxilvis obiqtebs. magaliTad, iseT frazebSi, rogorebicaa “civi omi” “devnilTa problema”,  “samTavrobo socialuri dazRveva”. es procedura  mdgomareobs sityvaTa daTvlis variantia – magram gaumjobesebuli im gagebiT, rom mis SemadgnlobaSi Sedis ganmartebiTi teqsti da sityva-modifikatorebi (zmnizedebi, zedsarTavi saxelebi), romlebic Tan axlaven konkretul sityvebs da gvexmarebian ukeT gavigoT misi mniSvneloba.

             Tumca, es procedurac Seicavs raRac sirTuleebs. saqme imaSia, rom Tumca, aseTi analizis meSveobiT namdvilad xdeba calkeuli sityvebis gamoyenebis konteqstis dadgena, magram es xdeba mTeli proceduris mniSvnelovnad garTulebis fonze. erTi da igive Tema SeiZleba naxsenebi iyos sxvadasxvagvarad sruliad sxvadasxva sityvaTSeTanxmebaTa daxmarebiT. xandaxan es aris – msubuqi miniSneba, TiTqmis mTlianad moklebuli im eqsplicitur niSnebs, romlis mixedviTac vaxdenT mocemuli Temis Semecnebas. magaliTad, “civi omis” Sesaxeb moxseneba savsebiT SesaZlebelia SeniRbuli iyos mSvidobis sakeTildReod “gadatvirTvis” Sesaxeb Tqmuli sityvebiT, xolo qristianuli sikeTis qadageba SeiZleba SeiniRbos rogorc nacionaluri ritorika. SeiZleba aseTi sityvebi da ritorika CaiTvalos sakvanZo sityvebad? Seicavs Tu ara is Tavis TavSi mocemul Temas? am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema arc ise iolia. am mcdelobas mivyavarT zust, magram SezRudul gansazRvrebamde, gadawyvetilebis miRebis mTeli rigi formalizebuli wesebis formulirebamde, romlebic Cvens Sedegebs ufro saimedos, magram naklebad Sinaarsians xdian.

                mesame elementi, romelic xSirad gamoiyeneben kvlevebSi kontent-analizis dros – aris Tavad sagnis, rogorc erTi mTlianis ganxilva. rogoria 1935 wels aSS-Si gamoqveynebuli wignebs procentuli maCvenebeli, romelnic socializms uwevdnen propagandas? prezidentobis romel kandidats uWerda mxars gazeTis redaqciis didi nawili 1992 wels? riT gansxvavdeba riCard niqsonis mier postis datovebamde dawerili werilebi adre dawerili werilebisagan? am SemTxveveTagan romlis dros davamuSavebT da ganvazogadebT informaciis matarebel bloks rogorc mTlian erTeuls da gavigebT mis saerTo, yovlismomcvel xasiaTs? romel konkretul kiTxvas ganvixilavT am SemTxvevaSi? aseTi kiTxvebis ganxilvisas vawydebiT SexedulebaTa simkacresa da sxvadasxvaobas, romelic damaxasiaTebelia SedarebiT dabali struqturis ganxilvisas.  

           sityvebisa da Temebis gamoyenebis detaluri Seswavla bolo dros ufro gaiolda monacemTa kompiuteruli bazebis meSveobiT, rogoricaa LEXIS/NEXIX.  magaliTad, vTqvaT gvsurs gavigoT ramdenad xSirad adarebda  j.buSi Tvis ganmavlobaSi sadam huseins - hitlers, 1991 wels mimdinare omis dros sparseTis yureSi. NEXIX – is gamoyenebiT, SegviZlia gavakeToT Sejameba yvela im statiis Sesaxeb (politikuri gamokvlevis CatarebiT), rac gamoqveynda gazeTSi “New York Times” (an nebismier sxva sagazeTo statiaSi). aq sityvebi “j.buSi”, “sadam huseini”, da “hitleri” kvlevisaTvis arCeuli qronologiuri periodiT lagdeba. maSin Sesabamis failSi, enis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba aseTi brZanebis dawera:

        ((George Bush) OR (President Bush) AND ((Saddam Hussein) w/10 Hitler)) AND (Date = September 1990)

               es grZeli gamosaxuleba gvaZlevs iseT brZanebas, romlis meSveobiTac amocnobili iqneba 1990 wlis seqtemberSi gamoqveynebuli yvela statia, romelSic pirvel rigSi naxsenebia buSi, Semdeg ki sadam huseini, Tu misi saxeli teqstSi CamorCeba sityva “hitlers” ara umetes 10 sityviT nebismier gverdze. aseTi meTodi saSualebas gvaZlevs SevamowmoT (1), moxsenebul iqna Tu ara buSis saxeli mis wodebasTan erTad ufro xSirad, vidre wodebis gareSe im dros, rodesac cxadi xdeboda rom krizisi omis gziT gadawydeboda (radenadac, SeiZleboda iseTi situacia Seqmniliyo, rom masobrivi sainformacio saSualebeni Seupovrad Seecdebodnen prezidentis statusis mniSvnelobis amaRlebas, imdenad, randenadac qveyana uaxlovdeboda saomar mdgomareobas.); (2) sxva politikosebTan SedarebiT j.buSi liderobda “hitleris” saxelis sxvadasxva analogiebiT gamoyenebaSi, an (3) uricxv sxva hipoezaTa gamoyenebaSi, rac exeboda sazogadoebis mier am konfliqtis aRqmis formulirebas.

             ganzogadebuli analizis Sedegebi xSir SemTxvevaSi aranakleb Sinaarsiania, vidre komponentebisgan Sedgenili Sedegebi. romeli faqti ufro mniSvnelovania : is, rom gaeroSi gamosvlisas egviptis mxaris mier Svidjer iqna gamoyenebuli sityva “mSvidoba”, Tu is, rom maT mier saerTod iqna warmoTqmuli sityva msoflioSi mSvidobis dasamyareblad. ufro mniSvnelovania gaagzavna Tu ara aSS - m eraySi nota oTxi Ria moxsenebiT intervenciis Sesaxeb, sami faruli miniSnebiT ganiaraRebis SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb da ori metad kritikuli miniSnebiT samxedro eqspansiis Sesaxeb. kontent-analizisas xandaxan -  da yovelTvis Sesabamis saSualebaTa ar qonis gamo- Cven xSirad ver vxedavT informaciis nawilis mniSvnelobas, romelic mas Seadgenen. am mizezis gamo, Cven unda gamoviCinoT sifrTxile analizis sazomi erTeulis SerCevisas da amovirCioT metnaklebad perspeqtiuli da xelsayreli, rodesac vatarebT kvlevas.

 

 

 

Sinaarsobrivi kontent-analizis Catareba

        mas Semdeg, rac miviRebT gadawyvetilebas monacemebis erTobliobis Sesaxeb da avirCevT analizis erTeuls, SegviZlia gadavideT Tavad analizze. kontent-analizi, romelic dafuZnebulia sityvebis, Temebisa da sxva monacemebis Seswavlaze amaxvilebs mkvlevaris yuradRebas monacemis Sinaarsze, imaze Tu ris Sesaxeb aris masSi laparaki. ase rom, Tu gadavwyviteT analizisas am elementebis gamoyeneba, unda SegveZlos CavwvdeT mis azrs da ganvsazRvroT nebismieri SesaZlebeli dakvirveba, romlebic gaamarTleben Cvens molodinebs.

          es imas niSnavs, rom pirveli, rac unda gavakeToT kontent-analizis warmoebisas, aris leqsikonis Seqmna, romelSic, Cveni yoveli dakvirveba miiRebs gansazRvrebas da Sesabamis jgufSi gaerTiandeba. davuSvaT, magaliTad, gvainteresebs problema, romelic gulisxmobs kubaSi 6-e klasis saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi amerikelebisa da aSS-s moxsenebas. sanam analizze gadavidodeT, unda ganvsazRvroT raSi mdgomareobs sakvanZo sityvebi (sityvaTSeTanxmebani). unda mivaqcioT Tu ara yuradReba mxolod sityvebs “amerikeli” “amerikuli” da “aSS”. Tu ase moviqceviT, amiT vriskavT gamovtovoT is moxsenebebi da frazebi, romlebic Sedgebian iseTi eqspresiul-SefasebiTi terminebisagan, rogorebicaa “agresori iankebi” “Crdiloeli imperialistebi” “gringo” “guantanamoSi SeWra” “mitaceba” “vaSingtonis ukanono reJimi”. metic, ramodenime aseTi fraza SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas sxvadasxva gagebiT, romelTaganac mxolod erTi exeba uSualod aSS-s.  ganvixiloT amocanaTa Semdegi pirobebi ariTmetikulad.

       1. Tu kubeli xalxi flobs aTas akr saxnav miwas, xolo neokolonialisti agresorebi maT waarTmeven aTas akr saxnav miwas, ramdeni akri saxnavi miwa darCeba kubel xalxs sarCos mosapoveblad?

       2. Tu afrikelebi floben aTas akr saxnav miwas, xolo neokolonialisti agresorebi maT waarTmeven aTas akr saxnav miwas, ramdeni akri saxnavi miwa darCeba kubel xalxs sarCos mosapoveblad?

           vTqvaT, orive SemTxvevaSi moxsenebuli “neokolonialisturi agresorebi” CavTvaleT, rom aSSsTan mimarTebaSi aris naxsenebi, maSin orive amocana miRebul iqneba rogorc amerikuli. Tumca, is vinc icnobs kubis uaxles istoriasa da ideologias, CaTvlis sakvanZod mxolod pirvels am moxsenebaTagan, meore ki mis mier interpretirebuli iqneba rogorc gamosvla “TeTri” mTavrobis winaaRmdeg.

            problema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom aucilebelia ganvixiloT ara mxolod calkeuli frazebi da aRniSvnebi, romlebic SeiZleba Segvxvdes, aramed konteqstualuri moxmarebis elementebic, amisaTvis ki unda SevimuSavoT TiToeuli SemTxvevisaTvis wesebis detaluri sistema. es amocana Cveulebriv wydeba analizze damokidebuli monacemTa erTobliobis pilotaJiT konteqstTa saarbitraJo Sefasebebisa da terminebis gamoyenebis xerxebis SeTanxmeba-SewyobiT. aq, rogorc formalur analizSi, romelzec saubari Semdeg gveqneba, ukeTesia iyos ara erTi, aramed ramodenime mkvlevari.

                                                                             cxrili 9.1

kandidatTa mxardasaWeri frazebis magaliTebi

mowinave gazeTebidan (SemTxveviTi wesiT)

saukeTesoTa Soris saukeTeso

mowinaaRdegeze ukeTesi

saukeTeso kandidati mraval sxvaTa Soris

kandidati, romelzec mxolod SeiZleba viocneboT

gamoCenili qvelmoqmedi

   saqmosani, roemlic bevrs gvpirdeba

eris erT-erTi saukeTeso Svili

saukeTeso imaTgan, vinc SeirCa

Cveni Seucvleli favoriti

dReisaTvis saWiro adamiani

misaRebi kandidati

savsebiT misaRebi kandidati

ulaparakod vuwevT rekomendacias

 

ufro rTulia davaleba, romelic mdgomareobs konkretuli SefasebisaTvis sakvanZo moxsenebis miniSnebiT, - rodesac Cven unda gadavwyvitoT, es moxseneba pozitiur Tu negatiur aspeqtSia gamoyenebuli. agreTve roca gvWirdeba rig moxsenebaTa ranJireba misi Sefasebis ZalasTan Sesabamisad. (e.i imasTan Sesabamisad, romeli maTgania yvelaze dadebiTi, romelia momdevno am siaSi da a.S).

     amasTan, gvWirdeba sakmaod mkafio maCvenebeli, romliTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda ara marto politikuri subieqtebis ganwyobilebis gansazRvra, aramed am ganwyobis siZlierisac. aseTi saxis situacia aris asaxuli cxrilze 9.1 , sadac ganzogadebuli saxiT aris CamoTvlili gazeTebis mier romelime kandidatis winasaarCevno mxardaWeris formebi. Tu Cvens mizans warmoadgens ganvsazRvroT, romeli gazeTi uWers yvelaze aqtiurad mxars am kandidats, Cveni uSualo amocana iqneba gadavwyvitoT, rogor movaxdinoT am mtkicebulebaTa ranJireba mxardaWeris im ZaliT, romelsac TiToeuli maTgani asaxavs.

         arsebobs ramdenime meTodi aseTi gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. ranJirebis ori metnaklebad nacnobi meTodia – Q daxarisxebis meTodi da wyvilSi Sedarebis wesiT skalirebis meTodi.

 

struqturuli kontent-analizis Catareba

 

sityvebis, Temebis da sxva elementebis garda, romlebic monacemebis Sinaarsobriv mxares aRniSnaven, arsebobs sxva erTeulebic, romlebic gvaZleven struquruli kontent-analizis Catarebis saSualebas. am SemTxvevaSi Cven gvainteresebs ara is Tu raze saubrben, aramed ramdens saubroben, da marTalia Temisagan mkveTrad ar unda gadavuxvioT, magram amasTan erTad Cven vzomavT raRac sxvas, gansxvavebuls.

Cven SeiZleba dagvainteresos magaliTad, ra dro an sabeWdi sivrcea gamoyofili CvenTvis saintereso saganze ama Tu im wyaroSi. ramdeni sityva an sagazeTo sveti gamoeyo TiToeul kandidats saarCevno kampaniis warmoebis dros? ramdeni statia an gverdi qveyndeba yoveldRiurad amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis politikur JurnalebSi afrikis samTavrobo-politikuri problemebis gasaanalizeblad? Seicvala es raodenoba ukanaskneli 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi Tu ara?

     meoremxriv, Cven SeiZleba dagvainteresos sxva, SesaZloa ufro msubuqma kiTxvebma, romlebic exeba monacemTa formebs. axlavs Tu ara konkretul sagazeTo monacems  fotosuraTi an sxva nebismieri saxis ilustracia? rogorc gairkva, is statiebi, romelTac axlavT, ufro metad ipyroben mkiTxvelis yuradRebas. rogoria mocemuli sagazeTo monacemis saTaurebis zomebi?

dabeWdilia igi pirvel gverdze Tu “damarxulia” reklamebis grovaSi? aseT kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad Cven gvainteresebs ara misi Semadgenlobis simartive, aramed monacemis prezentaciis SesaZlebloba. Cven vikvlevT faqtorebis  arsebobas an ararsebobas TemaSi, mis gancalkavebulobas, zomebs, misi Semadgenlobis niuansebs. Sedegad Cven xSirad viRebT analizs, romelic ufro sandoa, vidre gamokvlevis dros miRebuli - Semadgenlobaze orientirebuli (imdenad, ramdenadac formaluri maCvenebeli mcire xarisixiT araerTgvarovania) magram, rogorc mokvleva igi naklebi mniSvnelobis matarebelia.

cxrilze 9.1 mocemulia magaliTi tipiuri kodirebisaTvis gankuTvnili blankisa, romelic gamoiyeneba struqturul kontent-analizSi Semavali monacemebis Casawerad. es suraTi aRebulia im naSromidan, romelSic gamokvleuli iyo Tu ramdenad Suqdeboda presaSi kongresis arCevnebi. analizis erTeulad miRebul iqna kandidatis Sesaxeb informacia (candidate insertion), romelic ganisazRvreba rogorc nebismieri sagazeTo Setyobineba, romelSic saxeldobr an impliciturad moxseniebuli iyo nebismieri kandidati kongresSi im wridan, sadac vrceldebida mocemuli gazeTi. ase rom, TiToeuli sveti am kodirebisTvis gankuTvnili cxrilidan jamSi asaxavs  TiToeuli kandidatisTvis gankuTvnili informaciis niSnebs. 

cxrili 9.1 tipiuri kodirebisTvis gankuTvnili blanki struqturuli kontent-analizis Casatreblad.

                                  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

saregistracio nomeri

statiis tipi

publikaciis TariRi

kandidati

gazeTi

saerTo preskonferenciebi

 

materialis gancalkevebuloba

grafikuli saSualeba

saTauri

Semadgenloba

svetebis saerTo ricxvi (idiomebSi)

svetebis ricxvi (idoimebSi), gaSuqebuli kandidatebisaTvis

 

kodirebis blankis TiToeuli svetis aRweris da gansazRvruli nomris miniWebis sakiTxs qvemoT ganvixilavT, axla ki daregistrirebuli informaciis tipze mivuTiTebT. mas Semdeg, rac TiToeul SemTxvevas vaniWebT individualur saregistracio nomers, is klasificirdeba tipis mixedviT (informaciuli monacemi, statia, mimoxlva mimdinare Temaze, redaqciaSi misuli werili), unda mivuTiToT : misi publikaciis TariRi, kandidatis saxeli, visac exeba es statia; im gazeTis saxelwodeba, sadac gamoqveynda, saerTo interesebi, Tu aseTi ram gamoxatulia Cvens gansaxilvel monacemSi; TandarTuli suraTebis an naxatebis raodenoba.

kandidatis Sesaxeb dawerili saTaurebis raodenoba; masalis ZiriTadi Semadgenloba (winasaarCevno axali ambebi, sityviT gamosvlebi, romlebic kandidatebis mxardasaWerad qveyndeba); masalis saerTo moculoba da im nawilis moculoba, romelic uSualod exeba CvenTvis saintereso kandidats.

unda aRvniSnoT, rom aseTi saxis gazomva zedapirulad moicavs TiToeuli monacemis Semadgenlobas, gansxvavebiT detaluri da yuradRebiT Catarebuli kvlevisagan, romlis Catarebac aucilebelia Sinaarsobrivi analizisas. sabolood, struqturuli kontent-analizi Cveulebriv ufro martivia Casatareblad da dasamuSaveblad, amitomac ufro iafi da saimedoa, vidre Sinaarsobrivi kontent-analizi. da Tumca es Sedegebi, SesaZloa gvakmayofileben ufro naklebad – an isini gvaZleven ufro monaxazs, vidre dasrulebul suraTs, - magram konkretuli kvlevis kiTxvaze pasuxad is SesaZloa sakmaod adekvaturi iyos.

 

zogierTi problema kontent-analizis dros

miuxedavad imisa rom kontent-analizi warmoadgens arc Tu ise ZviradRirebul meTods, romelic xelmisawvdom monacemTa bazas emyareba, da miuxedavad imisa rom misi CatarebiT ar dgeba imis riski, rom winaaRmdegobebs da specifikur eTikur problemebs wavawydebiT (im SemTxvevebis garda, rodesac analizis dros ganixileba konfidencialuri an gasaidumloebuli informacia), Cven mainc gvWirdeba gamoviCinoT garkveuli yuradReba, raTa Tavidan aviridoT raime saxis garTuleba, romelic am meTods axlavs Tan.

Tavidan aucilebelia yuradReba mivaqcioT imas, rom monacemebi qveyndeba da arsebobs Sesabamisi saxiT ara ubralod, aramed raRac gansazRvruli mizniT – SesaZlebeli es iyos informireba, aRwera, mowodeba, damoZRvra, Tavdacva an SesaZloa dezinformaciac ki. amitom, monacemTa analizis dros Cven unda vecadoT interpretacia gavukeToT maT Semadgenlobas ise, rogorc aris mocemuli konteqstSi, cxadad gansazRvruli mizniT. magaliTad,  Cinur presaSi xSirad SevxvdebiT aseTi tipis mtkicebas : “mTeli Cineli xalxi darwmunebulia, rom axali soflis meurneobis politika warmoadgens mTavar (Zireul) win gadadgmul nabijs socialuri revoluciis progresisaken mimaval gzaze. Tu safuZvlianad ganvixilavT am sakiTxs, aRmovaCenT, rom isini warmoadgenen aSkarad demonstrirebul tyuils, ramdenadac SeuZlebelia milionobiT adamianidan TiToeuls hqondes gacnobierebuli raRac erTi SemTxveva, situacia. aseTi TvalTaxedviT Cven unda migveRo es mtkicebulebebi, rogorc propagandis yvelaze vulgaruli formebi. Tumca, Cinuri presis kvevis gamocdilebidan Cans, aseTi saxis mtkicebulebebi qveyndeba ara garegnuli ucxouri propagandis mizniT, aramed im daniSnulebiT, rom Tavad Cinelebis STagoneba moxdes, es surs mTavrobas, raTa isini Zlierebi iyvnen. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, aseTi mtkicebulebebi erTsulovnebis Sesaxeb ara gadataniT, aramed direqtiul xasiaTs atarebs. amis codna SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs movaxdinoT maTi interpretireba rogorc warmatebuli indikatori Cineli liderebis politikuri interesebisa, rogorc uazro  da carieli propagandisa, da SegviZlia gamoviyenoT is Cvens sasargeblodac. ase rom, mizani, romlisTvisac informacia muSavdeba, TavisTavad SeiZleba iqnas ganxiluli rogorc mniSvnelovani faqtori konteqstis gagebis mxriv, romlis gamorkvevac unda SevZloT.

            sabolood ama Tu im monacemis gavrcelebis xasiaTic SeiZleba pirdapir kavSirSi iyos mis mniSvnelobasTan. amomrCevelTa misamarTebis mixedviT Sedgenili winasaarCevno  biuleteni aris gavrcelebis SezRuduli an gansakuTrebuli sferos monacemis magaliTi. yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdom gazeTs SeiZleba hyavdes mcire raodenobis an gamorCeuli mkiTxvelTa wre. magaliTad, “New-York times “ is mkiTxvelTa auditoria Sedgeba ufro SeZlebuli da ganaTlebuli xalxisagan, vidre “New York Daily News”  is, miuxedavad imisa, rom orive sakmaod iolad xelmisawvdomia yvelasaTvis. Jurnalis “Wall Street Journal”  yidva SesaZlebelia yvelgan aSS-Si, magram misi mkiTxvelebis wre ar moicavs  mosaxleobis yvela socialur-ekonomikur fenas. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom Tu gvsurs adekvaturad SevafasoT romelime monacemis mniSvneloba, winaswar unda vicodeT vis Sesaxeb aris es monacemebi da rogor vrceldeba. xSirad gviwevs operireba ama Tu im pirovnebis individualuri mosazrebiT (magaliTad, yvelasaTvis kargad nacnob pirTa mosazrebebiT), an movipovebT monacemebs, rodesac vcdilobT gavigoT monacemebis gamgzavnTa Sesaxeb, maTi mimRebebis saSualebiT, an cxadi mowmobebiT, rodesac dokuments Tan axlavs sia yvela im pirisa, vinc mas gaecno, xandaxan maTi piradi xelmoweriT, an mkiTxvelTa auditoriis gamokiTxviT (romelTac xSirad atareben gazeTebi, raTa dokumenturad daasabuTon TavianTi pretenziebi). Cven aseT dros unda SevecadoT gavzomoT an SevafasoT monacemis gavrcelebis areali. es informacia SesaZleblobas mogvcems vimsjeloT im monacemis mniSvnelobisa da gavlenianobis Sesaxeb, romelsac ganvixilavT.

           unda SevecadoT sworad ganvsazRvroT CvenTvis saintereso monacemis xelmisawvdomobis done.  gvaqvs Tu ara analizis dros monacemebis Tavisuflad damuSavebis SesaZlebloba? xelmisawvdomia Tu ara CvenTvis yovelgvari masala ucvleli formiT, Tu arsebobs garkveuli Tavs moxveuli mosazrebebi? migviwvdeba Tu ara xeli, magaliTad mxolod gasaidumloebul dokumentebze? (gazeTebze, romlebic gamoicema ucxoel mkiTxvelze gaTvliT; samTavrobo komisiis mxolod oficialuri sxdomebis stenogramebze?) aq saqme gvaqvs iseT problemebTan, romlebic SedegebSi ganzogaddeba: saeWvoa ramdenad reprezentatiulia monacemTa sakvlevi erToblioba, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT ukve misgan arCevanis gakeTebaze. Tu erToblioba arawarmomadgenlobiTia, mkvlevari, romelsac ar aqvs sarwmuno informacia SesaZloa Segnebuli manipulaciis obieqtic gaxdes.

yoveli aseTi SemTxvevis dros ZiriTadi sirTule imaSi mdgomareobs, rom informacia, romelic adekvaturi SefasebisaTvis aris aucilebeli, SesaZloa CvenTvis ubralod miuwvdomeli iyos. SesaZloa ar vicodeT da ar gvqondes SesaZlebloba davazustoT monacemis mizani, gavrcelebis sfero da Cveni misdami xelmisawvdomobis realuri done. amis ukan mravalgvari saSiSroeba imaleba, da kontent-analitikosi mzad unda iyos, raTa droulad gaumklavdes maT. ar SeiZleba Cveni Sefasebebi pirvel adgilas davayenoT, piriqiT, unda SevinarCunoT jansaRi skepticizmi, roca saqme gvaqvs monacemebTan, sanam ar gveqneba pasuxebi Cven mier ganxilul yvela kiTxvaze. zemoT aRniSnuli, ra Tqma unda ar niSnavs rom gaurkvevel viTarebaSi kontent-analizis Catareba ar SeiZleba da gamoricxulia; es niSnavs mxolod imas, rom analizis dawyebisas mkvlevarma ar unda daiviwyos es gaurkveveli viTareba.

  da bolos, aucileblad unda iTqvas ramodenime sityva interkodirebis saimedoobis Sesaxeb. mTlianad kompiuterizirebuli kontent-analizis procedurisagan gansxvavebiT (arsebobs programaTa mTeli rigi, romlebic dalagebulia leqsikonebSi sakvanZo sityvebis mixedviT, da aseve teqstis Zebnis da monacemTa ricxobrivi damuSavebis dros), kontent-analizi mTlianad eyrdnoba konkretuli adamianis msjelobas da sakvlevi monacemis Semadgenlobas.  sabolood, informaciis gaanalizeba TavisTavad xdeba. is Seiswavleba, muSavdeba gaanalizdeba da klasificirdeba adamianis mier da es adamiani aris konkretuli mkvlevari. amasTan, TiToeul mkvlevars gaCnia monacemis gaanalizebisa da gagebis individualuri xerxi. Tumca, gazomva SesaZloa CaiTvalos sakmarisad saimedod mxolod maSin, rodesac Sedarebis safuZvelze miiReba  maTi Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb daskvnebi da rodesac ramodenime mkvlevaris ganxilvis Sedegad miiRweva konsesusis gansazRvruli done. interkodirebis saimedooba – aris termini, romelic gamoiyeneba politologiaSi konsesusis aseTi donis aRwerisas. rac ufro maRalia igi, miT ukeTesia. interkodirebis saimedoobis amaRleba SesaZlebelia Semdegi wesebis daxmarebiT :

1. nebismieri gardaqmnis operacionalizaciis dros mas aucileblad unda mivudgeT frTxilad da guldasmiT. darwmundiT, rom misi yvela mniSvneloba garkveviT aris formulirebuli da ar aris orazrovnad gamoxatuli.  saqmeSi aseTi sazomi dagvexmareba Sefasebis saerTo kriteriumebis formulirebaSi, romlebic SesaZlebelia Tanmimdevrulad gamoviyenoT monacemis klasifikaciisa da gazomvis dros.

2. gamoiyeneT rac SeiZleba meti damkvirvebeli, interviueri (piri, vinc kvlevas Caatarebs). rac meti adamiani iRebs monawileobas konsesusis miRwevis procesSi, miT ufro metad Rirebulia igi. ra Tqma unda, aman SeiZleba migviyvanos samuSaos raodenobis gazrdamde (Tu dakvirveba cudad momzadebulia, gazomvisas Secdomis daSvebis riskic izrdeba), magram am sazomidan gadacemis done Zalian maRali SeiZleba iyos. aseT dros SemzRudav faqtors warmoadgens fuladi saxsrebis nakleboba.

3. xeli SeuwyveT imas, rom damkvirveblebma rac SeiZleba metad iTanamSromlon erTmaneTTan. CaatareT erToblivi praqtikuli samuSaoebi romlis drosac ganixilavT monacemis yvela niuanssa da SesaZlo interpretacias.; es migviyvans konsesusamde ara marto monacemebidan gamomdinare, aramed operaciuli ganmsazRvrelebis istoriuli mniSvnelobidanac.

zemoTmoyvanili zomebis warmateba ricxobrivad SeiZleba iyos Sefasebuli sxvadasxva xerxebiT, romlebic erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulni arian statistikuri gagebiT, am Temas dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT 16-e TavSi. erT-erTi am xerTagan, romelic warmoadgens Sianaarsobrivi kontent-analizis ZiriTad xerxs, aris is, rom yvela damkvirvebeli, romelic monawileobas iRebs mocemul proeqtSi erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad aanalizeben da axdenen erTai da imave monacemis kodificirebas (e.i aniWeben maT sakuTar ricxvobriv Sefasebas), ris Semdegac gamoiyofa kodebis korelaciis koeficienti, romelTac gamoyofs ori damkvirvebeli. es koeficienti zomavs SeTanxmebis dones misdami daqvemdebarebul sxvadasxva damkvirvebelTa SefasebaTa arsebobas da/an calkeul sityvaTa da TemaTa Tanxvedris sixSires. koeficientis mniSvneloba meryeobs diapazonSi -1 dan +1 mde da Cveneba +0,9 dan da maRla Cveulebriv mianiSnebs kodirebis intersubieqturi saimedoobis doneze.

momdevno xerxi ufro Seesabameba struqturul kontent-analizs, romlis drosac Cven gvainteresebs Temis ganxilva, misi asreboba an ararseboba. mocemul SemTxvevaSi Cven Tvalyurs vadevnebT yovelgvar SeuTanxmeblobas kvlevebs Soris, romlebic ekuTvnian sxvadasxva mkvlevarebs, damoukidebel cvlads, romelTanac urTierTobisas SeiZleba daibados kiTxva: dakavSirebulia Tu ara is Cven mier ganxiluli nebismieri sxva cvladis sistemur SeuTanxmeblobasTan. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Cven winaSe dgas problema : SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom erTi (an meti) damkvirvebeli afiqsirebdes Sedegebs sxva mkvlevarebisagan gansxvavebuli saxiT? Tu vaRiarebT, rom yvela SemTxveva ganawilebul iqna damkvirveblebs Soris ganawilebis gareSe (Cveulebriv gansakuTrebuli Zalisxmeva ixarjeba imaze, rom es SemTxveviTi wesiT moxdes), maSin nebismieri sistemuri SeuTanxmebloba, romelsac ganvixilavT, warmoadgens im pirebs Soris ganawilebis Sedegs, romlebic kodirebas axdenen. interkodirebis saimedoobis koeficienti gamoixateba formiT  (1–η²),  sadac η  - TiToeuli cvladis mniSvnelobis cdomilebis sazomia, romelic ganpirobebulia kodirebis Camtarebel pirTa Soris sxvadasxvaobis arsebobiT. mocemuli koeficienti gamoiyofa TiToeuli cvladisaTvis da imisaTvis, rom miRweul iqnas gazomvis damakmayofilebeli sandooba, man unda gadaaWarbos 0,9 –s.

Cven vxedavT, rom kontent-analizi – es aris meTodika gamoyenebis farTo speqtriT, gansazRvruli upiratesobebiT, romelTac warmoadgenen misi siiafe, arCevanis arc Tu ise didi speqtri, monacemTa xelmisawvdomoba. Tumca, SesaZlebelia es meTodi yvela sxva meTodze metad moiTxovdes yvela cvladis zedmiwevniT Seswavlasa da kvlevis procesis mudmiv monitorings.  misi daxmarebiT SesaZlebelia miviRoT maRalinformaciuli Sedegebi, romlebic Tumca mxolod konteqstSi unda interpretirdebodes, magram xandaxan mxolod kontent-analizis meTodikisaTvis ar aris misawvdomi. am mizezis gamo es meTodi yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba monacemTa Segrovebis sxva meTodebTan erTad.

 

ana koberiZis Targmani