ოპერაციონალიზაცია და გაზომვა

Мангейм Дж.Б., Рич Р.К. Политология. Методы исследования: Пер. с англ. / Предисловие А.К. Соколова. – М.: Издательство “Весь Мир”, 1997. – 544 с. Электронная версия подготовлена при участии
Светланы Закоян, Вадима Лодина и Петра Кирьяна, http://grachev62.narod.ru/Mr/Mr_og.html

 

3. abstraqtulidan konkretulisken: operacionalizacia da gazomva

 

nebismieri Tviseba sakuTar Tavs gamoavlens gansazRvruli raodenobiT, xolo raodenobis gareSe ar iqneba xarisxi. dRemde bevri Cveni amxanagi jer kidev ver xvdeba, rom yuradReba unda mieqces sagnebis raodenobriv aspeqts – safuZvelmdebare statistikas, ZiriTad procentul mimarTebebsa da raodenobriv sazRvrebs, romlebic gansazRvraven sagnebis xarisxs. maT TavSi ar aqvT “cifrebi”, Sedegad ki ar SeiZleba rom Secdomebs ar uSvebdnen.

mao Zeduni

empiriuli kvleva – es aris saSualeba, miviRoT pasuxebi kiTxvebze sinamdvilis Sesaxeb. Cveni kiTxvebi SeiZleba iyos ZiriTadad praqtikuli, an atarebdes upiratesad akademiur xasiaTs. nebismier SemTxvevaSi isini, SesaZloa, formulirebuli iqneba abstraqtuli formoT. amis miuxedavad, pasuxebi, romlebic gvinda miviRoT, Cveulebriv konkretul da specialur xasiaTs atareben. kvlevis erT-erTi pirveli problemaa – gamovimuSavoT kiTxvebis abstraqtuli donidan konkretul dakvirvebebze  gadasvlis xerxebi, romlebic saSualebas mogvcems pasuxi gavceT maT.

moviyvanoT magaliTi ara politikis sferodan: davuSvaT, Cven gvsurs movagvaroT kamaTi imis Taobaze, Tu ori profesionali safexburTo mcvelidan romelia ukeTesi sportsmeni. aSkaraa, rom Cven mogviwevs raimenairad SevadaroT isini, imisaTvis rom gamovimuSavoT sakuTari argumentebi. magram ris safuZvleze SevadarebT maT? Cven gvinda davadginoT, romel maTgans aqvs kargi sprotsmenis meti Tviseba, magram sportuli xelovneba – abstraqtuli cnebaa. imisaTvis rom SevadaroT TiToeuli mcveli am Tvisebis terminebSi, Cven mogviwevs raodenobrivad ganvsazRvroT sprotuli xelovnebis cneba. Cven SegveZlo dagveTvala televiziiT translirebuli TamaSebis ganmavlobaSi maT mier gakeTebuli gadacemebis raodenoba, gagveyo es ricxvi im gadacemebis raodenobaze, ris gakeTebac maT ucdiaT, da Sedegad miRebuli raodenobrivi Sefaseba sportuli xelovnebis maCveneblad CagveTvala. an, rac ufro savaraudoa, Cven SegveZlo Segvesrulebina moTamaSeebis Sefasebis ramdenime aseTive msgavsi operacia, imisaTvis rom gvqonoda ufro farTo suraTi imisa, Tu ramdenad kargad asruleben es sportsmenebi mcvelis fuqnciebs, Semdeg ki gansazRvruli wesiT mogvexdina maTi kombinireba. axali raodenobrivi mimarTebebis miRebis Semdeg Cven SevZlebT gavakeToT konkretuli Sedarebebi da gadavWraT dava.

is, rac am wuTas aRvwereT, - es, arsebiTad, aris procesi, romlis saSualebiTac socialur kvlevaSi abstraqtuli cnebidan xdeba gadasvla konkretul dakvirvebebze. es kvlevis procesis gadamwyveti etapia, radganac mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, mogvcems Cvens mier Segrovebuli informacia cnobebs Cveni Teoriebis gamosadegobis Sesaxeb, an saSualebas mogvcems miviRoT pasuxebi Cvens kiTxvebze,  Tuki es procesi sworad aris Sesrulebuli. abstraqtuli cnebebis warmodgenisTvis dakvirvebadi movlenebis Segrovebis procesi cnobilia rogorc operacionalizacia, xolo im nabijebis dazustebas, rac unda gadaidgas dakvirevebebis warmoebisas, ewodeba instrumentalizacia. misi Sedegia gazomva, xolo gazomvas Cven sabolood viyenebT mtkicebulebis saxiT, rodesac viRebT gadawyvetilebebs da vpasuxobT kiTxvebs.

am TavSi Cven dawvrilebiT aRvwerT am procesebs da vimsjelebT im problemebze, rac SeiZleba gaCndes operacionalizaciisa da cnebebis gazomvis mcdelobisas. am Tavis SeswavliT, Tqven SegeZlebaT moaxdnioT literaturis analizis Sedegad gamomuSavebuli axsnebis formulireba iseTi formiT, rac maTi realuri dakvirvebebis saSualebiT Semowmebis SesaZleblobas mogvcems. aq ganxiluli qmedebebi kvlevis procesis is etapia, romlis Semdegac SeiZleba SevudgeT kvlevis gegmis SemuSavebasa da monacemTa Segrovebas.

operazionalizacia: kavSiri Teoriasa da dakvirvebas Soris

me-2 TavSi Cven xazs vusvamdiT Teoriis arsebobis mniSvnelobas dakvirvebis warmoebisTvis. yvelaze zogadad kvlevis procesi aRiwereba rogorc realuri dakvirvebebis Teoriul warmodgenebTan Sedarebis procesi, imisaTvis rom Cven SegveZlos SevafasoT, ramdenad SeiZleba vendoT Teoriebs rogorc politikuri movlenebis axsesnebs. es warmodgenebi formulirebulia hipoTezebis saxiT, romlebic winaswargansazRvraven cvaldebs Soris urTierTkavSirebis arsebobas, romlebic aris Teoriis cnebebi. am Tavis mizania – aRweros gegma dakvirvebebis CatarebisTvis, romlebic aseTi Sedarebebis gakeTebis saSualebas mogvcems. problema mdgomareobs imaSi, Tu ra saxiT warmovadginoT raodenobrivad Cveni cnebebi, ise rom gvqondes SesaZlebloba vTqvaT, mtkicdeba Tu ara dakvirvebebiT Cveni Teoriuli warmodgenebi.

am dros socialur mecnierebebSi warmoqmnili problemebi, arsebiTad ar gansxvavdeba sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis sferos problemebisgan. martivi magaliTi dagvexmareba amis ase Tu ise axsnaSi. davuSvaT, Cven gvinda SevamowmoT hipoTeza imis Sesaxeb, rom erT mindorze gamoyenebuli mineraluri sasuqi ufro metad axdens zrdis stimulirebas, vidre meore mindorze aRmoCenili bunebrivi sakvebi nivTierebebi. zrda – abstraqtuli cnebaa. Cven ver SevZlebT mis uSualod danaxvas, aucieleblia zrdis gadayvana empiriulad dakvirvebad cvladSi, imisaTvis rom Cven SevZloT ganvsazRvroT, rodis xasiaTdeba misiT erTi mcenare ufro metad, vidre sxva.

SeiZleba warmovidginoT zrdis cneba miRweuli simaRlis cvladis saSualebiT, radganac SefardebiTi simaRlis empiriulad dakvirveba SesaZlebelia. Tumca, simindis Reroebs ar gaaCnia simaRlis danayofebi; isini Cven TviTon udna davadinoT. magram rogor unda gakeTdes es? Cven SevecdebiT damkvirveblis daxmarebiT SevafasoT simindi or mindorze rogorc maRali an dabali. magram aseTi procedura mcenareebis mxolod uxeSi Sedarebis saSualebas iZleva; am dros SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva saxis Secdomebi, radganac adamianebma SeiZleba cvladi simaRle sxvadasxvanairad Seafason. Tuki Cven gvsurs, gavakeToT gaazrebuli Sedarebebi, aucilebelia ufro simaRlis dadgenis zusti da saimedo saSualeba.

simaRlis cvladi unda warmovidginoT mniSvnelobebis saxiT, romelic gaaCnia raime gasazom xelsawyos da romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes zusti, standartizirebuli monacemebis misaRebad am maxasiaTeblis sxvadasxva mcenareebSi gamovlenis xarisxze. SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom simaRle iyos warmodgenili iseTi maCvenebliT, rogoricaa sigrZe diumebSi, da gavzomoT mcenareebi sazomi lentis saSualebiT. maSin sazomi lentiT mirebuli monacemebi xdeba mniSvnelobebi, romlebsac Cven vaniWebT mcenareebs simaRlis cvladis mixedviT. swored es mniSvnelobebia is, rasac Cven realurad vadarebT, rodesac vcdilobT davadginoT Cveni winaswargansazRvris siswore erT mindorze mcenaris simaRlis sididis sxva mcenareebTan Sedarebis Taobaze.

ase rom, Cven zrdis abstraqtuli cnebidan gadavediT cvladze simaRle da Semdeg maCvenebeleze sigrZe diumebSi. swored am gardaqmnas ewodeba operacionalizacia, radganac Cven Cven daviyvaneT abstraqtuli cneba mraval mniSvnelobaze, romlis miRebac SesaZlebelia specialuri operaciebis meSveobiT. da bolos, Cven vawarmoebT gazomvebs, ris safuZvelzec SevZlebT SevafasoT Cveni hipotezis siswore zrdis Taobaze, gamoviyebT ra im mniSvnelobebis Sedarebas,rac gazomvis procesis Sedegad miviReT (Cvens magaliTSi – sazomi lentiT miRebul maCveneblebs). rodesac Cven vsaubrobT dakvirvebaze kvlevaSi, Cven vgulisxmobT gasazomi instrumentis gamoyenebis process ganxiluli movlenis mier sakvlev obieqtebze raime maxasiaTeblis mniSvnelobis an Tvisebis miniWebis mizniT. sxva sityvebiT, dakvirveba niSnavs instrumentis gamoyenebas Tvisebis an qcevis gasazomad.

es Zalzed mniSvnelovani momentia. is gvixsnis operacionalizaciisa da gazomvis rols kvlevis procesSi. Cven verasodes ver SevZlebT realurad SevadaroT cnebebi, Tumca Cveni Teorebi, da xSir SemTxvevaSi problemebi, cnebebis terminebSi iqneba formulirebuli. Cven vadarebT cnebebis maCveneblebs. zemoT moyvanil magaliTSi Cven ar SegviZlia erTmaneTs SevadaroT or mindorze mcenareebis zrda. Cven mxolod sazomi lentisgan miRebuli monacemebis Sedareba SegviZlia, romelsac viRebT im maCveneblis meSveobiT, romelic, rogorc Cven miviCnieT, asaxavs Cvens cnebas.

es niSnavs, rom Cveni Sedarebebi mxolod im xarisxiT SeiZleba SeiZleba iyos zusti, ra xarisxiTac arCeuli maCveneblebi asaxavs im cnebas, ris gasazomadac isini gankuTvnilia. Tuki Cven arasworad movaxdineT cveni cnebebis operacionalizacia, maCveneblebs Soris urTierToba SeiZleba arasworad asaxavdes im cnebebs Soris urTierTobas, rasac isini unda warmoadgendnen. Sedagad, nebismieri daskvna, romelsac Cven viRebT gamomdinare cnebebidan Tu Teoriidan, romlis nawilebic aris es cnebebi, iqneba mcdari.

Teoria amyarebs kavSirs or abstraqtul cnebas Soris. hipoTeza winaswargansazRvavs or empiriulad dakvirvebad cvlads Soris kavSiris arsebobas, rac Cven dagvyavs gazomvad maCveneblebze, xolo Cveni dakvirvebebi gamoavlenen kavSirs (an kavSiris ararsebobas) am maCveneblebis mniSvnelobebis or simravles Soris. sruliad natelia rom Cven mxolod im SemTzvevaSi SevZlebT gavakeToT raime daskvnebi sinamdvilis Sesaxeb Teoriuli kavSirebis safuZvelze, Tuki cvladebi kargad esadageba cnebebs da maCvenebelebi kargad esadageba cvladebs. operacionalizacia TiTqmis garduvlad iwvevs mniSvnelobis erTgvar gamartivebas an nawilobriv dakargvas, radgan maCveneblebi iSviaTad gadmoscemen yvelafers, rasac Cven cnebaSi vdebT. da Tumca Cven TiTqmis yovelTvis gviwevs mniSvnelobis nawilobriv dakargvasTan Segueba, aucilebelia operacionalizaciis ise Catareba, rom es nakli minimumamde iyos dayvanili. unda moiZebnos iseti maCveneblebi, romlebic gadmoscemen cnebebis Sinaarsis yvelaze met SesaZlo nawils, an mis calkeul nawilebs imdenad zustad, ramdenadac es SesaZeleblia.

am yvelafridan gamomdinareobs Sedegebis rigir, risi Cvenebac Cvens magaliTze SeiZleba soflis meurneobis sferodan. mas Semdeg rac kvleva dawyebulia, Cven SeiZleba aRmovaCinoT, rom cnebaSi “zrda” igulisxmeba raRac ufro meti, vidre esaa simaRle da maCvenebeli “sigrZe diumebSi” mTlianad ar asaxavs imas, risi gazomvac gvindoda. magaliTad, SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom ori mindori arsebiTad gansxvavdeba mcenareebis zrdis mxriv, Tumca yvela gansxvaveba exeba Reros diametrs, foTlebis siganes da simindis taros wonas, xolo mcenareebis simarle orive mindorze SeiZleba arsebiTad ar gansxvavdebodes. am SemTxvevaSi Tuki Cven sasuqis gamoyenebis Sedegebis Sefasebisas gaviTvaliswinebT mxolod simaRles, davuSvebT seriozul Secdomas, radganac kavSiri cnebas (zrda) da cvlads Soris, romelic mas asaxavs (simaRle), arasrulyofilia. aRebuli cvladi im cnebis arasrul operacionalizacias, axdens romelsac asaxavs. is ver amCnevs cnebis yvela mniSvnelobas, da misi gamoyeneba iZleva araswor warmodgenas realur samyaroSi arsebuli kavSiris Taobaze.

es situacia gansakuTrebiT xSirad gvxvdeba sociologiur mecnierebebSi, radganc yvealze mniSvnelovani cnebebi mravalmniSvnelovania im azriT, rom maT gaaCniaT erTze meti aspeqti an komponenti. am cnebebis Cvens mier Setanili kriteriumebi unda asaxavdes maT mravalgvarobas (anu mravalferovnebas, ara msgavsebas), Tuki Cven gvinda rom isini iyos gamoeyenebuli koncefciis indikatorebad. magaliTad, Tuki “demokratiis” cnebis kriteriumad Cven avirCevT mxolod regularuli arCevnebis Catarebas, maSin arsebobs SesaZlebloba, rom Cven demokratiulad davaxasiaTebT diqtatorul reJimebs, romlebic aseve atareben arCevnebs, mxolod postze erTi kandidatiT da krZalaven azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvas. aseT SemTxvevaSi diqtaturas Cven ganvixilavT rogorc dasavleTevropul demokratias. imisaTvis rom miviRoT koreqtuli kriteriumi imisa, Tu romeli saxelmwifo CavTvaloT demokratiulad, Cven, rasakvirvelia, gvWirdeba iseTi indikatorebi, romlebic am cnebis mTel mravaferovnebas asaxavs.

es martivi magaliTi xsnis, Tu ratom eniWeba operacionalizacias gadamwyveti roli Teoriis Semowmebasa da kvlevis mTels procesSi. gacilebiT ufro rTulia aixsnas, rogor unda uzrunvelvyoT saTanado operacionalizacia. es imitom xdeba, rom cnebebis gadasacemad cvladebis SerCeva da cvladebisTvis maCveneblebis SemuSaveba didwilad moiTxovs SemoqmedebiTi unarebis gamoyenebas da ver daiyvaneba standartizirebuli qmedebebis erTobliobaze, romlebic ucdomelad mogvcems saWiro gazomvebis miRebis saSualebas. erTdaerTi, risi gakeTebac Cven SegviZlia – mivuTiToT  ramdenime wyalqveSa qvaze operacionalizaciis procesSi, romelsac gverdi unda avuaroT, da aRvweroT aRvweroT ukve gakeTebuli operacionalizaciis adekvaturobis Sefasebis xerxebi. amis Sesaxebi mogiTxobT Tavis im nawilebSi, romlebic gazomvas eZRvneba.

operaciuli gansazRvrebebi

Tumca, sanam gadavidodeT socialur mecnierebaSi gazomvis problemis Sesaxeb msjelobaze, aucilebelia ganvixiloT, Tu risgan Sedgeba cnebis operacionalizacia. es xdeba im procedurebis nakrebis dazustebiT, rasac unda mivyveT, da aseve im operciebis, romlebic unda Sesruldes yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi cnebis gamovlenis empiriuli maCveneblis misaRebad. es procedurebi iZleva cnebisa da misi Sesabamisi cvldebis operacionalur gansazRvrebas. operacionalizaciis procesi didwilad daiyvaneba cnebebisTvis operaciuli gansazRvrebebis SerCevis amocanaze.

imisatvis rom mogvitanos sargebeli (anu mogvces cnebebis validuri da sando gazomvebi), operaciuli gansazRvrebebi zustad da eqspliciturad unda gvacnobdnen, ra unda gakeTdes imis gansasazRvrad, Tu romeli raodenobrivi mniSvneloba udna mieweros cvlads yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi. operaciuli gansazRvrebebi udna ggvaZlevdnen zust nabijebs, rac Sesruldeba gazomvis procesSi.

am sakiTxSi sizuste Cven sul mcire sami mizezis gamo gvsurs. pirvel rigSi, Cven miviswrafiT imisken, rom zustad SevatyobinoT sxva mkvlevarebs, Tu mainc ra gavakeTeT Cveni gazomvebis misaRebad, ise rom maT SeeZloT Cveni samuSaos Sefaseba, da, SesaZloa, Cveni kvlevis ganmeoreba sxva situaciaSi Sedegebis SemowmebisTvis. meore, Tuki Cven gvyavs asistentebi, romlebic informaciis SegrovebiT arian dakavebulebi, Cven mogvindeba gavxadoT Cveni instruqciebi maqsimalurad zusti, raTa maT gazomvebi Tanabar pirobebSi ganaxorcielon. Tuki Cveni instruqciebi bundovania, Cveni asistentebi gazomvebis ganxorcielebis dros qmedebebis ramdenadme gansxvavebul saSualebebs gamoiyeneben, maTi Sedegebi SeuTavsebadi aRmoCndeba, da Cven maT safuZvelze validuri daskvnebis gamotanas ver SevZlebT. da bolos, zusti da detaluri mtkicebulebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor movaxdinoT cvladis operacionalizacia, dagvexmareba miRebuli Sedegebis Sefasebasa da konkurirebadi axsnebis gamoricxvaSi, rac gazomvis procesis defeqtebis gamo iqna miRebuli. (amis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT am Tavis sxva nawilebSi visaubrebT).

Semdegi hipotetur magaliTis ganxilva dagexmarebaT gaigoT, Tu ra aris saWiro operaciuli gansazRvrebis agebisaTvis. davuSvaT, universitetis davalebiT Tqven unda ganaxorcieloT samuSao studentebis akademiur moswrebaze tkbili ualkoholo sasmelebis zemoqmedebis Sedegebis Sefasebis Taobaze. am kvlevis safuZvelze unda gadawydes, datovon Tu ara sauniversiteteo qalaqSi savaWro avtomatebi. es davaleba ZiriTadad Semdegi hipoTezis Semowmebamde daiyvaneba:

rac ufro met tkbil ualkoholo sasmels svams studenti, miT ufro dabalia misi akademiuri moswreba.

amocanis gadasaWrelad Tqven mogiwevT operaciuli gansazRvrebis ageba sakvanZo cnebebisTvis ualkoholo sasmelebis moxmareba da akademiuri moswreba. simartivisTvis davuSvaT, rom akademiuri moswrebis cneba Cven warmovidgineT saSualo Sefasebis cvladis meSveobiT, meore sakvanZo cneba – studentebis pasuxebis saxiT pirdapir SekiTxvaze maT mier ualkoholo sasmelebis moxmarebis Taobaze. im koloejebisa da studentebis arCevis Semdeg, romlebic Sevlen kvlevasi, Tqven unda SeimuSavoT procedurebi Sesabamisi gazomvebis Sesasrulebelad da instruqtireba CautaroT asistentebs imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda gamoiynenon es procedurebi. cvladis (akademiuri moswrebis) damokidebulebis Sesaxeb cnobebis uzrunvelsayofad Tqven mogiwevT zustad gansazRvroT, saidan SeiZleba niSnebis aReba, rogor unda gamoiTvalos saSualo Sefaseba da rogor unda moxdes informaciis formalizeba. damoukidebeli cvladis gazomvis uzrunvelsayofad Tqven mogiwevT dasasmeli kiTxvebis zusti formulirebis micema, da zustad gansazRvra, rogor unda Caiweros mravalgvari SesaZlo pasuxebi am kiTxvebze.

kvlevis dros gamoyenebuli cvladebisTvis operaciuli gansazRvrebebis SemuSavebisas Tqven gesaWiroebaT im procedurebis dawvrilebiTi aRwera, rac gamoiyeneba gazomvebis ganxorcielebisTvis. yoveli nabiji detalurad unda iyos gawerili. es ara mxolod kvlevis aRweris saSualebas iZleva, da uzrunvelyofs gazomvebis procedurebis standartulobas, aramed gazomvis procesis ganxorcielebis mTeli procesis gaazrebis saSualebas iZleva SesaZlo Secdomebis gamosavlenad, romlebmac SeiZleba gavlena iqonion Sedegebis sandoobaze.

davuSvaT, Cven gvinda gavzomoT mxardaWeris xarisxi, romelsac ori ZiriTadi partiis wevrebi ucxadeben sakuTar partias Statis sakanonmdeblo organoebSi. Cven SegviZlia movaxdinoT “partiuli erTianobis” cnebis operacionalizacia saxelobiTi kenWisyrisken mimarTebiT da momavalSi gamoviyenoT partiis saSualo wevris xmis micemis damTxvevebis sixSire sakuTari partiis umravlesobis xmis micemasTan, rogorc xmis micemis dros erTianobis maCvenebeli. Tumca, ase moqcevas Tu gadavwyvetT, Cven SevejaxebiT mravalavariantulobas Cveni cvladis realuir operacionalizaciisas.

informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor aZlevs xmas TiToeuli kanonmdebeli, SeiZleba miRebul iqnes sakanonmdeblo organos protokolebidan, Tumca amis Semdeg aucilebelia gadawydes, protokolSi dafiqsirebuli mravali kenWisyridan romeli unda iqnes Setanili Cvens gamoTvalSi. zogi kenWisyra aris erTsulovani (iseTi, rogoricaa kenWisyra romelime erovnuli gmiris pativsacemad proklamaciis gamoSvebis Taobaze) da ar asaxavdes partiis erTianobas, radganac ar moicavs partiul problemebs. yvela gamokiTxvis Setana amcirebs xarisxs, ritac Cveni gazomva asaxavs Cvens cnebas. Cven udna SevimuSavoT datvlisTvis gankuTvnili kenWisyrebis SerCevis kriteriumebi. magaliTad, imisaTvis rom yuradRebis koncentrireba mxolod sadiskusio sakiTxebze movaxdinoT, Cven SegveZlia kvlevisTvis mxolod is saxelobiTi kenWisyrebi avarCioT, romelSic kanonmdeblebis sul mcire 2/3 iRebs monawileobas da romelSic gamarjvebuli mxare xmebis aranakleb 30%-s iRebs.

aucilebelia aseve gadavwyvitoT, rogor gamovimuSavoT partiis wevrebis umravlesobis kenWisyris Sedegebis gansazRvris procedura, imisatvis rom davadginoT, Seesabameba Tu ara partiis TiToeuloi wevris kenWisyra umravlesobis pozicias. Cven unda gadavwyvitoT, rogor moviqceT imaT Taoabze, vinc Tavi Seikava: cavTvaloT maTi qceva rogorc uari sakuTari partiis mxardaWeraze Tu amoviRoT daTvlidan? amas garda Cven zustad unda ganvsazRvroT pirveladi daTvlisa da Semdeg TiToeuli kanonmdeblosTvis SeTanxmebuli kenWisyris procentuli Semadgenlobis gaSualedebis procedurebi.

yoveli operacionalizaciisas Cven vejaxebiT msgavsi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis aucileblobas, imis gansazRvrisas, Tu Sesabamisi gazomvebis misaRebad ra procedurebiT vixelmZRvaneloT. sruli operaciuli gansazRvra aCvenebs, rogor gadavwyviteT aseT problemebTan moqceva, da ar tovebs araviTar eWvebs imis Taobaze, Tu ra gavakeTeT realurad Cveni gazomvebis ganxorcielebisas.

operaciuli gansazRvrebis agebis Sedegad gamomuSavdeba gazomvebis Sesasrulebeli isntrumenti. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi fizikuri obieqtebis raime Tvisebis gamovlenis xarisxis maCveneblebis misaRebad gamoiyeneba iseTi isntrumentebi, rogoricaa skalebi, eqsponometrebi da mikrometrebi. socialur mecnierebebSi sruliad sxva saxis sazomi instrumentebi gamoiyeneba. socialuri mecnierebebisTvis tipiur instrumentTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba: kiTxvebi kvlevis Catarebis formis Sesaxeb; istruqciebi calkeul movlenebze, rogoricaa debatebi gaeros sxdomebze, dakvirvebebis Catarebisa da aRweris Sesaxeb; mravali maxasiaTebeli, romelic miireba cnobaridan da, maTi gaerTianebis wesebi gazomvis formirebisTvis.

saTanado instrumentebi socialur mecnierebebSi aranakleb mniSvnelovania, vidre sabunebsimetyvelo mecnierebebSi. zustad ise, rogorc Cven ar gavzomavdiT wonas saxazavis meSveobiT, Cven ar movisurvebdiT gagvezoma politikuri gaucxoeba kiTxvebis meSveobiT, romlebic ar gamoavlenen iseTi adamianebis mdgomareobas, romlebic gaucxoebas ganicdian. Semdeg nawilSi gazomvis validurobisa da sandoobis Sesaxeb msjelobisas, Cven SemogTavazebT isntrumentebis Semowmebis ramdenime gzas, romlebic gamomuSavebul iqna operacionalizaciis procesSi, da romlebic amyareben Cvens darwmunebas imaSi, rom es instrumentebi zomaven imas, rac Cven gvsurs.

gazomva

Cven vaxdenT cvladebis operacionalizacia imisaTvis, rom gvqondes saSualeba raodenobrivad warmovidginoT abstraqtuli cnebebi da realuri samyaros movlenebis gaazrebuli Sedareba ganvaxorcieloT am cnebebidan gamomdinare Tvisebebis terminebSi. Tvisebebis warmosadgenad ricxobrivi mniSvnelobebis aseT miweras gazomva ewodeba. gazomvis Sedegad yovelkonkretul SemTxvevaSi cvladTan asocirdeba raime mniSvneloba. es mxolod imas niSnavs, rom Cven ufro meti sizustiT SegviZlia visaubroT imaze Tu ra xarisxiT gamoavlens dakvirvebis mocemuli obieqti (magaliTad, adamiani, qalaqi, eri an organizacia) im Tvisebas, rac gazomvadi cvladiT aris warmodgenili. imis magivrad rom vTqvaT, rom qalaqSi “cudad aris saqme danaSaulTan mimarTebaSi”, Cven SegveZleba danaSaulis konkretul zomebze saubari. imis magvirad rom vinmeze vilaparakoT  rogorc “erTgul respublikelze”, SegviZlia vTqvaT rom man miiRo 5 qula partiuli mikuTvnebulobis identifikaciis Zalis sazom skalaze.

gazomvis doneebi

gazomvis procedurebi gvaZlevs movlenebis kategorizaciisa da mowesirgebis saSualebas. amasTan, zogi procedura movlenebs Soris ufro zusti da detaluri gansxvavebebis gamovlenis saSualebas iZlevian, vidre danarCenebi. amitom Cven givwevs sxvadasxva gazomvis doneebis konstantireba. imis TqmiT, rom procedura uzrunvelyofs gazomvis moceul dones, Cven vaxdenT mis kvalificirebas imis Sesabamisad, Tu ra raodenobis informacias gvawvdis es gazomva gazomvadi movelenebisa da maT Soris urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb. gazomvis doneebi atareben nominaluri, rigobiTi da intervaluri gazomvebis saxels.

nominaluri gazomva movlenis Sesaxeb minimalur informacias warmoadgens. is gvaZlevs mxolod diskretuli kategoriebis erTobliobas, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs gansxvavebuli obieqtebi davanawiloT. nominaluri gazomva – esaa obieqtebis ubralo dasaxeleba klasifikaciis winaswar mocemuli sqemis Sesabamisad. erovneba Cveulebriv ”izomeba” nominalur doneze adamianebis klaifikaciis gziT ingliselebze, Sveicarielebze, brazilielebze da a.S. es gazomva ar gvtyobinebs ramdenad axasiaTebs Tviseba “erovneba” gansxvavebul xalxebs, da ar iZleva maTi mwesrigebis saSualebas. nominaluri gazomvis gamoyeneba mxolod imis saSualebas iZleva, rom obieqtebis gavaerTianoT klasebad, romlebic klasificikaciis sqemis mixedviT aris moniSnuli.

imisaTvis, rom gamosadegi iyos, nominaluri gazomvis sqemebi unda efuZnebodes mraval kategorias, romlebic urTierTgamoricxvadi da amomwuravia. es niSnavs rom (1) SeuZlebelia erTi obieqti erTze met kategorias mivakuTvnoT da (2) kategoriebi iseTi unda iyos, rom SesaZlebeli iyos TiToeuli obieqtis mikuTvneba ama Tu im kategoriaSi. Tuki Cven gvsurs nominaluri gazomvis sqemis mixedviT movaxdinoT  aSS-s yvela amomrCevlis klasificireba, Cven ver viargelblebT kategoriebiT demokrati, respublikeli, liberali da konsrevatori, radganac isini araa urTierTgamomricxavi. iqidan gamomdinare, rom amerikuli politikuri partiebi amorCevelebis yvelaze farTo masebs mimarTaven, adamiani Tavisuflad SeiZleba aRmoCndes erTdroulad demokratic da konservatori an liberali, erTdroulad respublikeli da konservatori an liberali. es kategoriebi ar iZleva amomrCevlebis gancalkevebis saSualebas yvela SemTxvevaSi.analogiurad, Tuki Cven SevecdebiT movaxdinoT amomrCevlebis klasificireba partiuli mikuTvnebulobis safuZvelze, da mxolod or kategoria gamovyenebT: respublikeli da demokrati, – Cven aRmovaCenT, rom Cveni kategoriebi ar aris amomwuravi, radganac zogierTi amomrCeveli sakuTar Tavs damoukideblad an sxva partiis wevrad miiCnevs.

analizis gamartivebisTvis Cven, SesaZloa movindomoT nominaluri gazomvis sqemaSi kategoriebi SevcvaloT ricxvebiT. Tumca, mniSvnelovania gvesmodes, ro mocemul konteqstSi am ricxvebs ar aqvT realuri mniSvneloba – isini mxolod da mxolod simboloebia. iqidan gamomdinare, rom Cven gdavwyviteT kategoria respublikeli Segvecvala cifriT 5, xolo kategoria demokrati – cifriT 1, Cven ar SegviZlia CavTvaloT, rom respublikelebs xuTjer meti mimdevari yavT, vidre demokratebs. nominaluri gazomvis nebismieri kategoria SeiZleba Canacvlebul iqnes nebismier ricxviT, im pirobiT, rom TiToeul kategorias Tavisi individualri nomeri eqneba.

rigobiTi gazomva ufro met informacias gvaZlevs, radgan movlenebis ara mxolod kategorizaciis, aramed mowesrigebsi an ranJirebis saSualebasac iZleva. rigobiTi gazomva saSualebas iZleva TiToeul obieqts mivakuTvnoT ricxvi, romelic mxolod imas aRniSnavs, rom mocemuli obieqti gansxvavdeba erTi obieqtebisgan da hgavs sxva obieqtebs gazomvadi cvladis TvalsazrisiT, es ricxvi aseve aRniSnavs, Tu mainc rogor aris mocemuli obieqti dakavSirebuli sxvebTan im konkretuli Tvisebis raodenobis terminebSi, riTic is xasiaTdeba. Ti gvaqvs rigobiTi gazomva, Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, romeli obieqtebi xasiaTdeba gazomvadi Tvisebis meti (an naklebi) raodenobiT sxva obieqtebTan SedarebiT; Cven aseve SegviZlia davalagoT obieqtebi rigis mixedviT im Tvisebis raodenobis mixedviT, romelic maT axasiaTebs. aseTi mowesrigeba iZleva ufro detalur da zust informacias, vidre nominaluri gazomva. cneba socialuri klasi Cveulebriv izomeba rigobiT doneze: TiToeul adamians eniWeba yvelaze dabali, saSualo an umaRlesi klasis rangi.

intervaluri gazomva kidev ufro met informacias gvaZlevs. Cven ara marto obieqtebis klasificireba da mowesrigeba SegviZlia, mas Sedeg rac isini gazomilia intervalur doneze, aramed SegviZlia vTqvaT,gasazomi Tvisebis ramdenad meti Tu naklebi raodenobiT xasiaTdeba sxva obieqtebTan SedarebiT. rigobiTi gazomva ar emyareba araviTar standartul erTeuls mocemuli  cvladisTvis da ar gvaZlevs saSualebas davadginoT, ramdenad erTmaneTisgan Sors dganan gansxvavebuli obieqtebi am cvladis terminebSi. is mxolod imis Tqmis saSualebas iZleva, rom erT obieqtebs mocemuli cvladis meti an naklebi mniSvneloba aqvT, vidre sxvebs. intervaluri gazomva damyarebulia gasazomi Tvisebis raime standartuli erTeulis arsebobis cnebaze.

im dros rodesac rigobiTi gazomva mxolod uxeS warmodgenas gvaZlevs mocemuli cvladis TvalsazrisiT obieqtebs Soris urTierTobis Sesaxeb, intervaluri gazomva gvawvdis informacias maT Soris “manZilis” Sesaxeb. amis kargi magaliTia cvladi Semosavali. Semosavali Cveulebriv izomeba fulis erteulebSi (aSS-Si esaa dolarebi da centebi). radganac gazomvisTvis gamoiyeneba standartuli erTeulebi, Cven SegviZlia vamtkicoT, rom sxvaoba 10 000 da 11 000 dolaris wliur Semosavals Soris absoluturad igivea, rac 50 000-sa da 51 000-s Soris. amis gakeTebas Cven ver SevZlebT rigobiTi gazomvis saSualebiT. Tuki Cven gavzomavT Semosavals rigobiTi gazomviT, da davyofT adamianebs maTi Semosavlis mixedviT iseT kategoriebze, rogiricaa Semosavali 5 000 doolars qveviT da Semosavali 5 000 dan 9 999 dolaramde,  Cven SegveZleba vTqvaT, rom erT adamians Semosavali aqvs meti an naklebi, vidre meores, magram Cven ver SevZlebT zustad imis Tqmas, Tu ramdenad gansxvavdebian es adamianebi Semosavlis mixedviT, radganac ar viciT, Tu mainc sad mdebareobs adamiani Tavisi kategoriis SigniT. gansxvaveba adamianis Semosavlebs Soris pirveli kategoriidan (5 000 dolaramde) da meore kategoriidan (5 000 dolaridan 9 999 dolaramde) SeiZleba mxolod erT dolars Seadgendes (5 000 dolari minus 4 999 dolari), an SeiZleba 9 999 dolars aRwevdes (9 999 dolars minus 0 dolari); es damokidebulia Semosavlis zust ricxvze, Tumca rigobiTi gazomvidan Cven ver davinaxavT am gansxvavebebs.

imis garda rom intervaluri gazomva zust informacias gvaZlevs obieqtebs Soris absoluturi gansxvavebebis Sesaxeb, Cven aseve gveZleva saSualeba gavakeToT zusti mtkicebulebebi cnebebs Soris SefardebiTi gansxvavebebis Sesaxeb. Cven, magaliTad, SeiZleba SevTanxmdeT, rom mosaxleoba 50 000 adamianis raodenobiT – orjer metia, vidre mosaxleoba 25 000 adamianis raodenobiT, radganac xom aris iseTi adgilebi, sadac saerTod aravin ar cxovrobs: WeSmarit intervalur gazomvebSi arsebobs nulovani wertili, da yovel SemTxvevaSi Teoriulad mainc SesaZlebelia iseTi obieqtebis arseboba, romelTac aseT skalebze aqvT nulovani maCvenebeli. radganac rigobiT skalaze ar arsebobs gaazrebuli nulovani wertili, Cven ar SegviZlia vTqvaT, magaliTad, rom umaRlesi klasis adamianebs “klasis” orjer meti raodenoba aqvT, vidre yvelaze dabali klasis adamianebs, – Cven ar viciT ras niSnavs “araviTari klasobrivi statusis arqona”.

am yvelafris safuZvelze erTi mniSvnelovani SeniSvna unda gakeTdes gazomvis donis Sesaxeb. rodesac saubaria movlenebis Sedarebaze, nominaluri donis gazomva – gazomvis yvelaze nakleb gamosadegi tipia. Tuki Cven mas viyenebT situaciaSi, romelSic SesaZlebelia gazomvis “ufro maRali” (ufro zusti) donis gamoyeneba, Cven SeiZleba davkargoT potenciurad Zvirfasi informacia. Tuki arCevnebze qcevis SeswavlisTvis Cven mogvyavs adamianebis klasifikacia respublikelebze, damoukidebelbsa da demokratebze, im dros rodesac SeiZleba davsvaT SekiTxvebis sxva erToblioba da ganvaxorcieloT rangobrivi mowesrigeva ufro Zlieri partiuli identifikaciidan ufro sustze gadasvlis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic dagvexmareba gavigoT dakvirvebadi urTierTobebi. rigobiTi donis gazomva ufro sasargebloa, vidre nominaluri donis gazomva, magram masac aqvs Tavisi SezRudvebi. intervaluri gazomva – yvelaze sasurveli formaa, iqidan gamomdinare, rom is iZleva yvelaze detalur informacias, aseve imis gamo, rom is arsebuli monacemebis maTematikuri damuSavebis ganxorcielebis saSualebasac iZleva. (ufro detalurad amis Sesaxeb mogiTxrobT me-14, me-15 da me-16 TavebSi).

Cveni amocana imaSi mdgomareobs, rom yvelgan, sadac es SesaZlebeli da mosaxerxebelia, miviswrafodeT operacionalizaciisTvis, romelic intervaluri gazomvis ganxorcielebis saSualebas mogvcems. ki magram, rogor virCveT gazomvis dones, romelic Seesabameba im konkretul cnebebs, romelta operacionalizaciasac Cven vaxdenT? es aris rogorc konceptualizaciis, ise gazomvis teqnologiis problema.

kvlevis procesSi Teoriis Seqmnis etapze Cven pirvel rigSi sakuTar Tavs unda vkiTxoT, devs Tu ara Cvens mier calkeul SemTxvevebSi dakvirvebadi gansxvavebebis safuZvelSi raime saxis kontinuumi. Tu ki, maSin mocemuli cnebisTvis Cven SegviZlia gamoviyenoT rigobiTi, an intervaluri gazomvac ki. sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevaSi gazomvis saxiT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT mxolod nominaluri klasifikacia. avxsnaT amis mniSvneloba magaliTis mixedviT.

davuSvaT, Cven vikvlevT damokidebulebas imigrantebis erovnebasa da maT mier aSS-s didi qalaqis politikuri meqanizmis mxardaWeris xarisxs XX saukunis dasawyisSi. Tuki Cven vaxorcielebT erovnebis operacionalizacias nominalur doneze da vaxdenT qalaqebis saarCevno ubnebSi politikuri meqanizmis mxardaWeris kategorizacias, Cven, SesaZloa, miviRoT suraTi, sadac ar Cans araviTari mkafio kavSiri erovnebasa da arCevnebze qcevas Soris; radganac, imis codna, Tu romeli erovneba Warbobs mocemul ubanSi, ar iZleva misi ranJirebis saSualebas sxva ubnebTan mimarTebaSi. magram Tuki Cven gavaanalizebT Cveni msjelobebis mimdinareobas, maSin mivxvdebiT, rom Cvens molodins erovnebasa da politikuri meqanizmis mxardaWeras Soris kavSiris Taobaze gaaCnia garkveuli safuZveli: warmoSobis Sesabamisi qveynebi gansxvavdebian politikur cxovrebaSi monawileobis im SesaZleblobis mxriv, rasac isini Tavis moqalaqeebs aniWeben. Cven davaskvniT, rom isini, romeltac demokratiis pirobebSi arsebobis mcire gamocdileba aqvT, mzad iqnebian politikur liderebs gadascen TviTmmarTvelobis ufleba. Tuki Cven aqedan amovalT, da davalagebT qveynebs maT mier moqalaqeebis politikaSi monawileobis daSvebuli xarisxis Sesabamisad, Cven SevZlebT avagoT grafiki, romelzec mkafiod gamoCndeba erovnebis kavSiri politikuri meqanizmis mxardaWerasTan. kategoriebis dalagba damoukidebeli cvladis mixedviT iZleva saSualebas gamovavlinoT sistema mis kavSirebSi damokidebul cvladTan.

Tuki amis gambedaoba gveyofa, Cven SegviZlia gavzardoT damoukidebeli cvladis gazomvis done intervaluramde. Cven, magaliTad, SegveZlo dagveTvala Sesabamisi qveynebis kanonmdeblobebSi im dadgenilebebis raodenoba aSS-Si farTo imigraciis dawyebis win ramdenime wlis manZilze, romlebic Seexeba politikur cxovrebaSi monawileobas. miRebuli ricxvebi SegviZlia gamoviyenoT erovnebebis ranJirebisTvis intervalur skalaze da ganvaxorcieloT damoukidebeli da damokidebuli cvladebis ufro zusti Sedarebac ki.

is, Tu ramdenad SevZlebT ganvaxorcieloT cvladebis aseTi gazrda, imisaTvis rom gadavideT gazomvis nominaluri donidan rigobiTze an intervalurze, damokidebulia rogorc aseTi gadasvlis Teoriuli dasabuTebis SemuSavebaze, ise im operaciuli procedurebis gamoyenebis teqnikur SesaZleblobebze, romlebic ufro maRali donis gazomvas axorcieleben. maSinac, Tuki Cven Cvens magaliTSi SevZlebT gamovsaxoT erovnebis cneba intervaluri donis terminebSi, Cven, SesaZloa, ver miviRebT Cvens gankargulebaSi sakanonmdeblo aqtebs, romlebic aucilebelia qveynebis ganlagebisTvis intervalur skalaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi Cveni SesaZleblobebi gazomvis ufro maRali donis miRebaze izRudeba gazomviTi teqnikiT. amgvari magaliTebi sakmaod mravalircxovania. magalitad, sqessa da politikur qcevas Soris urTierTkavSiris kvlevis dros Cven gvqeneba saSualeba vamtkicoT, rom xasiaTis mamakacuri niSnebi – is Tvisebaa, rasac adamianebi sxvadasxva xarisxiT floben (is vinc am Tvisebas yvelaze naklebi xarisxiT floben, qalebia). Tuki Cven SevZlebT gamovideT kiTxvebis erTianobiT, imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdenad gaaCniaT adamianebs es Tviseba (Tuki saerTod gaaCniaT is), Cven principSi SevZlebT davalagoT adamianebi “mamakacurobis” rigobiT an intervalur skalaze. Tumca, Tu Cven ar gagvaCnia fuladi saxsrebi iseTi kvlevis CatarebisTvis, romleSic adamianebi upasuxeben am kiTxvebs, Cven mogviwevs nominaluri klasifikaciis mamakaci/qali imedad darCena, romlis Sesaxeb cnobebsc Cvn vnaxavT partiis wevrebis siebSi.

es situaciuri faqtebi arTuelebn imis wesebis dadgenas, Tu rogor movaxdinoT cnebebis operacionalizacia gazomvis gansazRvruli doneebis miRwevis mizniT. Tumca, Cven vfiqrobT, rom SeiZleba gamoviyenoT u.f.Saivlis operacionalizaciis wesi. is gvirCevs gamovyenoT maqsimalurad zusti gazomvebi mocemuli obieqtisTvis da ar davkargoT informacia arazusti gazomvis xarjze. es Cveulebriv niSnavs gazomvis ufro mkacri procedurebis gamoyenebas, romlebic iq, sadac es SesaZlebelia, gazomva ufro maRal doneeze ganaxorcielebdnen. ar dajerdeT operacionalizacias, romelic iZleva nominalur gazomvas, maSi rodesac Teoriulad gamarTlebulia da teqnikurad SesaZlebelia rigobiTi an intervaluri gazomvis gamoyeneba.

am SeniSvnebis gakeTebis Semdeg Cven unda vTqvaT ZiriTadi wesis ramdenime gamonaklisze. arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac gazomvis metismetad maRali sizuste sinamdvileSi arasasurvelia. erTi aseTi magaliTi Saivlis mohyavs. (suraTze) gamosaxulia damokidebuleba asaksa da saprezidento arCevnebze xmis micemas Soris 1968 wels. erT diagramaze asaki izomeba wlebiT. radganac TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi (magaliTad 21-22 weli, 35-36 weli, 50-51 weli) cota adamiani aRmoCndeba, diagramaze ar Cans am or cvlads Soris raime aSkara struqtura. meore diagramaze asaki naklebi sizustiT izomeba – xuTwledebiT. TiToeul jgufSi obieqtebis didi raodenobis arseboba saSualebas gvaZlevs davinaxoT urTierTobebis aSkara sktruqtura: xmis micemis albaToba izrdeba 50 wlamde, xolo Semdeg, mcirdeba.

gazomvis sizustis mciredi daTmobiT Cven movigeT analizis simartivis mxriv. es warmatebuli xelSekrulebaa, rodesac Cven ise Zalian ar SevamcirebT sizustes, rom isev dagvekargeba TvalTaxedvidan Sesaswavli damokidebulebebi. Tuki Cven asakis gasazomad 20-wlian intervals viyenebT, Cven ver davinaxavT did raodenobriv gansxvavebebs amomrCevelTa asakobriv jgufebs Soris da SeiZleba gamovitanoT daskvna, rom asaki ar aris dakavSirebuli xmis micemis albaTobasTan. radganac realuri analizis monacemebamde Cven winaswar ar viciT, ra sizuste iqneba aucilebeli urTierTkavSirebis dasadgenad, Cven unda mivsdioT wess, rolis mixedviTac xorcieldeba cnebebis maqsimalurad zusti operacionalizacia. Cven yovelTvis SevZlebT uari vTqvaT arasaWiro sizusteze “kategoriebis SekumSviT” (ufro msxvil ganmasxvavebeli erTeulebze gadasvliT), Tuki Cven amas saWirod CavTvliT. magrm Tuki ar SevkrebT informacias Tavidanve, Cven ver SevZlebT momavalSi masTan mibrunebas.

samuSao hipoTeza

gazomva obieqtebs miawers mniSvnelobebs mocemuli cvladebis Sesabamisad. swored es mniSvnelobebi gamoiyeneba cnebebis warmodgenisTvis Cveni dakvirvebebis Sedarebis dros. sanam gavigebT, ra daskvnebi gamomdinareobs Cveni dakvirvebebidan TeoriasTan mimarTebaSi, Cven unda warmovadginoT hipoTezebi, romlebic exeba cvladebs Soris urTierTobebs samuSao hipoeTezebis saxiT. es samuSao hipoTezebi amyareben mosalodnel kavSirebs gazomvebsa da maCveneblebs Soris. es hipoTezebi moiTxoven Cvengan kavSiris dadgenas maCveneblebsa da cvaldebs Soris, romlebic, Cveni azriT. gamomdinareobs ganxorcielebuli operacionalizaciidan.

ganvixiloT magaliTi saerTaSoriso uerTierTobebis sferodan. davuSvaT, Cven gvainteresebs dominirebis Teoria saerTaSoriso cxovrebis sferoSi. Semdegi Teoriuli daSvebidan gamomdinare: í”rac ufro met gavlenas ganicdis saxelmwifo, miT ufro konformistul politikas atarebs is”, - Cven SegviZlia wamovayenoT Semdegi hipoTeza: “roca izrdeba saxelmwifos ekonomikuri damokidebuleba, aseve izrdeba am saxelmwifos mier mfarveli saxelmwifosadmi gamoCenili mxardaWeris xarisxi”. Cven SegviZlia movaxdinoT ekonomikuri damokidebulebis operacionalizacia im saeqsporto produqciis procentis saxiT, romelic miedineba mfarvel saxelmwifoSi. eqsportis procenti Cvens SemTxvevaSi iqceva damoukidebel cvlad damokidebulebad. mxardaWera SeiZleba gaizomos gaeros generalur asambleaze kenWisyrebis procentiT, romlebSic damokidebuli saxelmqifo mfarveli saxelmwifosgan gansxvavebulad aZlevs xmas. gaeros kenWisyrebis procenti Cvens SemTxvevaSi iqceva mfarveli saxelmwifos politikis mxardaWeris damoukidebeli cvladis maCveneblad. axla Cven SegviZlia CamovayaliboT samuSao hipoTeza, romelic maCveneblebs Soris uaryofiT damokidebulebas amtkicebs: rodesac mfarvel qveyanaSi eqsportirebuli produqciis procenti izrdeba, mcirdeba gaeros kenWisyrebis procenti, romelic ar eTanxmeba mfareli saxelmwifos pozicias.

es samuSao hipoTeza gvacnobebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli dakvirvebebi Seesabameba Cvens hipoTezasa da Cvens Teorias. is aseve gvTavazobs Cvens xelT arsebul cvladebs da maCveneblebs Soris SesaZlo urTierTobebs.

damokidebuleba, romelic nawinaswarmetyvelebia mtkicebulebisa da hipoTezis mier, dadebiTia. xolo samuSao hipoTeza winaswarmetyvlebs uaryofiT damokidebulebas. es imiT aixsneba, rom urTierToba damokidebul cvladsa da mis maCvenebels Soris uaryofiTia. es Tavis mxriv niSnavs, rom iqidan gamomdinare, Tu rogor ganvaxorcieleT damokidebuli cvladis operacionalizacia, cvladebs Soris swored uaryofiTi damokidebuleba gvawvdis hipoTezisa da Teoriuli mtikcebulebis mxardasaWer monacemebs, romelic winaswaretyvelebs dadebiT urTierTkavSirs cnebesa da cvaldebs Soris. Cven unda gavacnobieroT es, Tu gvinda rom Tavi davaRwioT monacemebis araswor interpretacias da dakvirvebebze dayrdnobiT marTebuli daskvnebi gavakeToT Cveni Teoriis sargeblianobis Taobaze.

maCveneblebs, cvaldebsa da cnebebs Soris im urTierTkavSirebis dadgena, romlebsac isini warmoadgenen, imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom socialuri mecnierebebis sferos zogierTi mkvlevari moiTxovs, rom politikuri fenomenebis Sesaxeb arsebul TeoriebTan erTad unda Seiqmnas gazomvebis Teoria, romelic axsnida Cvens warmodgenebs maCveneblebsa da cnebebs Soris kavSirebis Sesaxeb. ra gvaiZulebs rom ekonomikuri damokidebuleba davukavSiroT eqsportis zrdas? eqsportis ganawilebis ra Taviseburebebi aZlevs mas imis asaxvis saSualebas, rasac Cven vgulisxmobT, rodesac damokidebulebaze vsaubrobT? aseTi saxis kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemaSi kargad SemuSavebuli gazomvebis Teoria gvexmareba. gazomvebis Teoriis mdgomareobebi gvixsnian, Tu ratom unda icvlidnen maCveneblebi mniSvnelobas realuri obieqtebis cnebeTan Sesabamisobis xarisxis Secvlisas.

maCvnebelebi irCeva ara SemTxveviTi saxiT, aramed realuri samyaros obieqtebs Soris kavSirebis dawvrilebiTi gaazrebiT. msgavsi procesebi xorcieldeba aseve politikuri fenomenebis Sesaxeb arsebuli Teoriebis SemuSavebisas: daskvnebi, romlebic gamogvaqvs, SeiZleba araswori aRmoCndes, aseve SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom Tvisebebi, romlebsac vgulisxmobT ramdenime cnebis gamoyenebisas, sinamdvileSi ar aris dakavSirebuli maCvenebelebTan, romelTa gamoyenebac Cven gadavwyviteT am cnebis empiriul sazomad.

davubrundeT im kvlevis magaliTs, romelmac unda daadginos, uSlis Tu ara xels ualkoholo sasmelebi akademiur moswrebas. Cven gadavwyivteT gagvezoma ualkoholo sasmelebis gamoyeneba studentebisTvis kiTxvis dasmiT, Tu ramden gazirebul wyals svamen isini drois garkveul periodSi, im varaudiT, rom isini simarTles gvetyvian da vinc mets svams, is Cveni maCvneblis ufro maRal Sefaseba miiRebs, vidre is, vinc naklebs svams. Tumca, davuSvaT, rom studentebis pasuxebi Cvens kiTxvebze mTlianad ganpirobebulia imiT, mixvdnen Tu ara isini kvlevis mizans da surT Tu ara universitetis xelmZRvanelobis motyueba maT mier ualkoholo sasmelebis moxmarebis raodneobis Taobaze. viTarebis aseTi Semobrunebis SemTxvevaSi cvladsa da maCvenebels Soris nvaraudevi kavSiri ar iqneba dafiqsirebuli da Cven kvlevebze dayrdnobiT ver SevZlebT raime kanonieri safuZvlis mqone daskvnebis gamotanas ualkoholo sasmelebis zemoqmedebis Sedegebze, Tuki Cven ar gamoviyenebT raime alternatiul gazomvas.

ganxiluli sakamaTo problema, aris Tu ara raime kavSiri Cvens cnebasa da maCvnebelbes Soris erTi mxriv, da Cvens indikatorsa da kriteriums Soris meore mxriv, safuZvlad daedo mecnierebaSi kriteriumebis SemuSavebis sakiTxs. kiTxva, namdvilad aris Tu ara Cveni indikatorebis gazomva im cnebebis cvlilebebis Sedegi, romlebsac isini warmoadgens, mWidro kavSirSia sandoobisa da marTebulobis problemebTan, romlebsac Cven ganvixilavT am Tavis momdevno nawilebSi. aq mniSvnelovani momenti isaa, rom gazomvebis Teoriis idea dagvexmareba vipovoT midgomebi Cveni kvlevis am problemebisTvis.

cnebis nebismieri operacionalizacia – es, arsebiTad, hipoTezaa. rodesac Cven vaxdenT operacionalizacias da vambobT: “dae es cneba aRiniSnebodes am maCvenebliT”, - Cven vayenebT hipoTezas, rom obieqtebi, romlebsac Cven vgulisxmobT am cnebis gamoyenebisas, namdvilad aisaxeba SerCeul maCvenebelSi. es hipoTeza SeiZleba mtkicdebodes, an ar mtkicdebodes dakvirvebebiT. Cven ar gvaqvs ufleba ubralod vendoT Cveni gazomvebis adekvaturobas, Cven Tvali unda gavadevnoT Catarebul dakvirvebebs, imisaTvis rom vipovoT faqtebi, romlebic adasturebs, rom gazomva namdvilad asaxavs imas, rasac Cven cnebebSi vgulisxmobT. socialur mecnierebebSi gazomvebis validuri da sando procedurebis Zieba – es didwilad hipoTezebis Semowmebis procesia. mzad unda viyoT Secdomebis aRiarebisTvis da yvelafris Tavidan dawyebisTvis, Tuki faqtebi gveubneba, rom Setanili maCvneblebi ar asaxavs Cvens cnebebs. gazomvebis Semowmeba xdeba pirvel rigSi arCeuli maCveneblebis validurobisa da sandoobis Sefasebis mcdelobebisas.

gazomvis Secdoma

gazomvis Sedegad gansxvavebul obieqtebs eniWeba sxvadasxva mniSvnelobebi im Sefasebebis safuZlveze, rasac Cveni maCveneblebi iZleva. SefasebebSi diferenciacia SeiZleba warmoiSvas ori ZiriTadi wyaros xarjze. pirveli wyaro – esaa obieqtebSi im Tvisebis gansazRvruli xarisxis an aspeqtis realuri gamovlenis xarisxi, rac Cven gvainteresebs. gansxvavebuli Sefasebebi warmoiSoba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Cveni gazomvebi namdvilad asxvavebs am diferenciacias. aseT SemTxvevaSi gazomvebi asaxavs realur gansxvavebebs cnebebs Soris. mniSvnelobis diferenciaciis sxva wyaroa – is sidide, romelic exeba TviTon gazomvas an misi ganxorcielebis pirobebs, rac winaswargansazRvravs sxvadasxva obieqtebis mier gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebis qonas. am situaciaSi Cveni gazomvebi ar axdenen obieqtebs Soris realurad arsebuli gansxvavebebis demonstrirebas, sxva sityvebiT, iseTi gansxvavebebis, romlebic asaxvs im cnebebis WeSmarit diferenciacias, romelTa gazomvac Cven gvsurs. Cvens mier dakvirvevadi gansxvavbebei aseT SemTxvevaSi warmoSoba gazomvis proceduraSi arsebuli xarvezebis gamo. 

Cveni gazomvebi srulyofili rom yofiliyo, isini moaxdendnen mxolod pirveli saxis gansxvavebebis demonstrirebas. magram Cveni gazomvebi Zalian iSviaTad (Tuki saerTod odesme) aris xolme unaklo. im gansxvavebebis diferenciacia, rac sxvadasxva obieqtebs miewereba, gardauvlad asaxavs ara mxolod raime cnebis gamovlinebis xarisxis realur gansxvavebebs, aramed aseve “xelovnur” gansxvavebebs, rac ganpirobebulia gazomvis proceduriT. mniSvnelobebis nebismieri diferenciacias, rac realur obieqtebs miewereba, da romelic ganpirobebulia yvelafriT garda namdvili gansxvavebebisa, miekuTvneba gazomvis Secdomebs. isini warmoadgenen ara namdvil gansxvavebebs obieqtebs Soris, aramed im gansxvavebebs, rac registrirdeba SecdomiT, gazomvis procesis gaumartaobis gamo.

zRvari Sefasebebis WeSmarit variaciebs da im variaciebs Soris, romlebic ganpirobebulia gazomvis SecdomiT, msgavsia gansxvavebisa im obieqtebs Soris, rac SesamCnevia SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac, da im gansxvavebisa, risi SemCnevac mxolod sarkeSi dakvirvebis Sedegad SeiZleba. im xarisxiT, romliTac sarke amaxinjebs anarekls, is an faravs gansxvavebebs, romlis SemCnevac SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT SeiZleboda, an piriqiT, qmnis iseTi gansxvavebebis arsebobis STabeWdilebas, rasac Cven sxva pirobebSi ver SevamCnevdiT. socialur meCnierebebSi Cven uaRresad iSviaTad gveZleva saSualeba, rom sakvanZo cnebebs uSualod davakvirdeT, da Cven iZulebulebi varT daveyrdnoT am cnebebis asaxvas gasazomi procedurebis saSualebiT, rac sarkis analogiuria. Sesabamisad, Cveni warmodgenebis siswore damokidebulia im sizusteze, riTic Cveni gazomvebi asaxavs sinamdviles.

rogoria Tundac zogierTi Sedegebis damaxinjebis im wyaroebidan, rac Cveni gazomvebiT aris ganpirobebuli? aucilebelia vicodeT pasuxi am kiTxvaze, Tuki gvsurs gavakontroloT gazomvis Secdomebi an amovicnoT isini, rodesac Cvens monacemebSi aris. Cven SegviZlia CamovTvaloT gazomvis Secdomebis ramdenime ZiriTadi wyaro, da davadginoT gansxvavebebis yvelaze xSiris wyaroebi im Sefasebebs Soris, romlebic ganekuTvenba sxva, araWeSmarit gansxvavebebs im maxsiaTeblebSi, risi gazomvac Cven gvsurs.

1.   sxva, SedarebiT mudmivi maxasiaTeblebis gansxvavebebi obieqtebs Soris ganawilebaSi, romlebic winaswari ganzraxvis gareSe iqna gamovlenili Cveni gazomvebis mier. magaliTad, politikuri ideologiis gasazomad gankuTvnili kiTxvebis gasagebad da maTze pasuxis gasacemad SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes inteleqtis gansazRvruli done. Tuki es asea, kiTxvebze pasuxi asaxavs ara mxolod politikur-ideologiur, aramed aseve inteleqtualur gansxvavebebs adamianebs Soris. saboloo SedegSi inteleqtis da politikuri ideologiis zegavlena areuli iqneba, da Cven ver SevZlebT ganvaszRvroT gansxvavebebi SefasebebSi, romlebic ganpirobebuli iqna ideologiuri faqtorebiT, da gamovyoT isini im gansxvavebebisgan, rac ganpirobebuli iqna inteleqtualuri faqtorebisT. analogiuri saxiT Cveni analizis erteulebis sxva maxasiaTeblebi (iseTebi, rogoricaa qalaqebis regionaluri ganlageba, eris kulturuli Taviseburebebi an dokumentebis wyaroebi) SeiZleba SemTxveviT aisaxos Cvens gazomvebze da daamaxinjos ganxiluli cnebebis Cveneuli aRqma. iq, sadac am “aRmaSfoTebeli” zegavlenis gamovlena da gazomva SeiZleba, aucilebelia vnaxoT, Tu ra moxdeba, Tuki SevinarCunebT maT mniSvnelobas mudmiv doneze: gaqreba, Semcirdeba Tu gaizrdeba gansxvavebebis SefasebebSi, romlebsac iReben obieqtebi Cveni gazomvebis mixedviT.

2.   gansxvavebebi obieqtebs Soris droiTi maxasiaTeblebis ganawilebaSi, romlebic aisaxeba Cvens gazomvebSi. anketis kiTxvebze pasuxis xasiaTi SeiZleba ganisazRvros mopasuxis ganwyobiT an jamrTelobis mdgomareobiT. qalaqis politikuri cxovrebis uaxloesi movlenebma (magaliTad, Tanamdebobis pirebs Soris korufciis SemTxvevebis gamovlena) SeiZleba Seqmnas droebiTi, magram sistematuri gansxvavebebi imaSi, Tu rogor pasuxoben am qalaqebis macxovreblebi mkvlevaris kiTxvebs. didma stiqiurma ubedurebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios safuZvliani da amavdroulad droebiTi cvlilebebi statistikur monacemebSi, romlebsac Cven veydnobiT ekonomikuri donis gamovlenisas. aseTi droebiTi “anomaliebis” zemoqmedebis aRmoCena da gakontroleba ufro rTulia, vidre obieqtebis mudmivi maxasiaTeblebis zemoqmedebis. erTaderTi saSualeba aseTi zemoqmedebisgan Tavis dasacavad – esaa yuradRebiT movekidoT signalebs, romlebic gvafrTxileben, rom garkveuli obieqtebi aseTi warmavali faqtorebis zemoqmedebis qveS aris (magaliTad, SeviswavloT im qalaqebis politikuri cxovrebis bolodroindeli movlenebi, romlebic Sedis Cvens SerCevaSi, an vurCioT interviuerebs, rom ar Caataron interviu adamianTan, romelic mocemul momentSi mZimed aris avad), da SevasruloT procedurebi, romlebic gankuTvnilia gazomvebis sandoobis Sesamowmelblad (aseTi procedurebi aRwerili iqneba mocemuli Tavis nawilSi, romelic sandoobas eZRvneba).

3.   gansxvavebebi, romlebic gamovlindeba sxvadasxva adamianebis mier sazomi instrumentis interpretaciis dros. es problema warmoiSoba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac adamianebi pirdapir pasuxoben kiZTxvebs, da ara maSin, rodesac mkvlevari axorcielebs gazomvas qcevaze dakvirvebiT. Tu kiTxvebi aracalsaxad aris formulirebuli, maSin respondentebic maT gansxvavebul interpretaciebs miscemen, ramac SeiZleba migviyvanos sxvaobebamde im gazomvebis SefasebebSi, racam kiTxvebis safuZvelze iqneba Sedgenili. magaliTad, davuSvaT, rom, arCevnebze qcevis gazomvisas, Cven sakmaod daufiqreblad davsviT kiTxva: “migiRiaT Tu ara monawileoba wina arCevnebze?” Tuki romelime respondentma ar icis, rom gasul kviras Catarda municipaluri arCevnebi, man SeiZleba upasuxos diax, radganac fiqrobs, rom kiTxva Seexeba ukanasknel saerToerovnul arCevnebs, imis miuxedavad, rom mas ar miuRia monawileoba im arCevnebSi, romelic igulisxmeboda Tqvens kiTxvebSi. Cveni gazomvebis Sefasebebis aseTi gauTvaliswinebeli sxvaobebisgan Tavis dazRveva SesaZlebelia mxolod winaswari kiTxvebis saSualebiT da gazomvis sandoobis SemowmebiT.

4.   gansxvavebebi gazomvis Catarebis pirobebSi. Secdomebis es wyaro aseve ZiriTadad mdgomareobs im kvlevebSi, romlis Sedegebic izomeba kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemiT. magaliTad, SerCeviTi kvlevis msvlelobisas sandod aris dadgenili, rom pasuxebis xasiaTze SeiZleba gavlena iqonios interviueris rasam, sqesma da asakma. pasuxebi (da Sesabamisad, aseve Sefasebebi skalaze) SeiZleba varirebdes interviudan interviumde Tavad interviueris maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT. msgavsi problemebi SeiZleba warmoiSvas ara mxolod SerCeviTi kvlevis msvlelobis dros. magaliTad, Cven SeiZleba SecdomiT ganvaxorcieloT kontent-analizi ukanaskneli axali ambebis im gadacemis, romelic Sida mauwyeblobisTvis aris gankuTvnili, da ukanaskneli axali ambebis im gadacemis, romelic gankuTvnilia sazRvargareT mauwyeblobisTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi Cven gamoviyenebT erTsa da imave instruments sruliad gansxvavebul pirobebSi da am faqtze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia samarTlianad davelodoT SefasebebSi sxvaobebis gamovlenas. gazomvis aseTi saxis Secdomis Tavida acileba SeiZleba erTi saSualebiT – Zal-Rone ar daviSuroT imisTvis, rom situaciebi, sadac xorcieldeba gazomvebi, iyos standartizebuli.

5.   gansxvavebebi sazomi instrumentebis gamoyenebis procesSi. Sefasebebi, rac obieqtebs miewereba, SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes sxvadasxva Secdomebis Sedegad, rac warmoiSoba infromaciis Sekrebisa da Caweris dros. interviuerebma SesaZloa arasworad gaigon instruqciebi da dasvan kiTxvebi ara ise, rogorc amas mkvlevari varaudobda. cudi ganaTeba SeiZleba aRmoCndes imis mizezi, rom respondenti arasworad moniSnavs anketis punqtebs. yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo momentSi SeiZleba motydes fanqris wveri, xolo kalamSi damTavrdes melani, ise rom damkvirveblebi ver SeZleben jgufuri zemoqmedebisTvis sakvanZo movlenebis dafiqsirebas. daRlilobis gamo kodirebis mkeTebelma SeiZleba Secvalos an ignorireba gaukeTos instruqciebs kontent-analizSi erTeulebis kodirebis Sesaxeb. sazomi instrumentebis gamoyenebis procesis gadaxrebis yvela am tips mivyavarT gansxvavebul Sefasebebamde imisda miuxedavad, Tu ra gansxvavebebi iyo sakvlevi cvladis realur mniSvnelobebSi. gazomvis SecdomebTan brZolis ZiriTadi saSualeba (muSaobaSi sando asistentebis CarTvis garda) – esaa sazomi instrumentebis winaswari gazomva. sacdelma gamoyenebam SeiZleba gamoavlinos potenciuri “teqnikuri” problemebi, rac warmoiSoba mocemuli instrumentis gamoyenebisas (iseTebi, rogoricaa sakodo formaSi tipiriu pasuxis Casawerad arasakmarisi adgili), da adamianuri faqtorebi, romlebmac SeiZleba gavlena iqonion Sedegebze (magaliTad, dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic damkvirveblebs SeuZliaT gadaRlis gareSe muSaoba).

6.   sxvaobebi monacemebis damuSavebasa da analizSi. sanam informaciis gaanalizeba gaxdeba SesaZlebeli, is zedmiwevniT unda damuSavdes. xSirad informacia ramdenjerme icvlis formas. magaliTad, interviuerebma SeiZleba daafiqsiron pasuxebi kiTxvaze respondentis yoveli sityvis CaweriT. SemdgomSi, pasuxebis kodirebis dros es werilobiTi fragmentebi SeiZleba Semcirdes, da gadaiqces erTaderT cifrad. es cifri SeiZleba dafiqsirebuli iyos magnituri diskis an magnituri lentis bitebSi. yovel am etapze monacemTa analizi sul ufro martivdeba, Tumca yovel momdevno etapTan erTad izrdeba Secdomebis SesaZleboba, ris Sedegadac obieqtebis gansxvaveba iwyeba romeliRac cvladis mixedviT, maSin rodesac sinamdvileSi isini ar gansxvavdeba. aseTi Secdomebis SesaZleblobas mivyavarT aucileblobasTan rom orjer da samjer SevamowmoT monacemebi yoveli gardaqmnis dros da SevinaxoT sawyisi forma momdevno SemowmebisaTvis.

7.   gansxvavebebi individebis reaqciaSi sazomi instrumentebis formaze. es problema iZens seriozul mniSvnelobas maSin, rodesac analizis obieqtebi adamianebia. sazomi instrumentebi SeiZleba gamovides sruliad gansxvavebul formebSi – es aris zepiri interviuc, anketebic, romlebic unda Seavsos respondentma, da momzadebuli mklvevaris dakvirvebac. gansxvavebuli formebi adamianebs – kvlevis obieqtebs, gansxvavebul moTxovnebs uyenebs. interviu, magaliTad, saWiroebs Tavisuflad saubris unars, anketa – wera-kiTxvis codnas. Tuki adamianebi gansxvavdebian am SesaZleblobebis TvalsazrisiT, maTi Sefasebebi gansxvavebuli im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac adamianebi sinamdvileSi msgvasebi arian im cvladis mixedviT, risi operacionalizaciac xdeba. gazomvis Secdomis aseTi tipis Tavidan acilebis saukeTeso saSualeba aris – gamoviyenoT gazomvis erTze meti forma TiToeuli cnebis operacionalizaciis dros.

yvela am faqtorma SeiZleba gamoiwvios kvlevaSi gazomvis Secdomis gaparva. sxvadasxva Secdomebi, rac momdinareobs CamoTvlili Svidi wyarodan, Cveulebrvi iyofa sistematiur da SemTxveviT Secdomebad. sistematiuri Secdomebi – es iseTi Secdomebia, romlebic warmoiSoba realur samayaroSi arsebuli gaugebrobis da qaosis an TviTon instrumentis Taviseburebebis gamo. isini Cndeba yovel jerze, rodesac gamoiyeneba esa Tu is instrumenti, da mudmivad Tansdevs obieqtebsa dakvlevebs, romlebSic gamoiyeneba erTi da igive gazomva. mudmivi Secdomebi Cvens Sedegebs aravalidurs xdis im azriT, rom gansxvavebebi (an msgavsebebi), romlebic, rogorc Cans, gamovlindeba Cveni gazomvebis Sedegad, ar aris im gansxvavebebis zusti asaxva, rasac Cveni, Cveni azriT, vzomavT. SemTxveviTi Secdomebi Cndeba sxvadasxvanairad da ganpirobebulia obieqtebis warmavali maxasiaTeblebiT, situaciuri sxvaobebiT instrumentis gamoyenebaSi, SecdomebiT gazomvis Catarebisa da monacemebis damuSavebis dros da sxva faqtorebiT. isini Cvens gazomvebs aravalidurs xdian TiTqmis iseve, rogorc sistematiuri Secdomebi. amas garda,SemTxveviTi Secdomebi Cvens gazomvebs xdis arasandos im azriT, rom SemTxveviTi Secdomebis gamovlena saSualebas ar gvaZlevs mudmivad erTi da igive Sedegebi miviRoTerTi da igive gazomvis gamoyenebis dros.

maS rogor aviciloT Tavidan gazomvebis Secdomebi, rasac aseTi danamgreveli zemoqmedeba aqvs Cvens Sedegebze da romelic Cvens kvlevas usargeblosa da SecdomiTs xdis? imisaTvis rom pasuxi gavceT am kiTxvas, aucilebelia yiradRebiT ganvixiloT validurobisa da sandoobis problemebi.

validuroba

Cven arc ise xSirad gveZleva saSualeba uSualod gavzomoT cnebebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba sociologiur TeoriebSi. iseTi cnebebi, rogoricaa Zalaufleba, demokratia da warmomadgenloba, arc ise advilia warmovidginoT raodenobrivad, rogorc sigrZisa da wonis tipis cnebebi. Cven iZulebulni vxdebiT gamovieyenoT maCveneblebi, romlebic mxolod iribad Seesabameba im cnebebs, rasac warmoadgens. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki yolveTvis arsebobs saSiSroeba, rom arCeuli maCveneblebi adekvaturad ar asaxavs cnebes, risi gazomvac Cven misi saSualebiT gvsurs. im xarisxis aRsaniSnavad, riTic gazomvebi Seesabameba cnebes, rasac es gazomvebi unda asaxavdes, gamoiyeneba termini validuroba. gazomvid validurobiT daintereseba – es igivea, rac davintresdeT, namdvilad vzomavT Tu ara mocemuli sazomiT imas, ris gazomvasac vapirebdiT. validurobis uzrunvelyofa xSirad iTvleba ZiriTad problemad, romelic ukvaSirdeba gazomvas socialur mecnierebebSi.

imisaTvis rom iyos validuri, gazomva unda iyos amomwuravi da sruli. Tuki, magaliTad, Cven vadarebT sxvadasxva qalaqebSi komunaluri momsaxurebis xarisxs, Cven SeiZleba gagviCndes cduneba, rom ganaTlebis sistemis xarisxis maCveneblad CavTvaloT maswavleblebis raodenoba skolebSi. es – uadgilo gazomvaa, radganac saskolo ganaTlebis sistemaSi momuSaveTa raodenoba mniSvnelovnad ganisazRvreba moswavleTa raodenobiTa da qalaqis zomiT, da SeiZleba cota saerTo qondes ganaTlebis xarisxTan. Tuki ganaTlebis sistemis xarisxis maCveneblad miviRebT moswavleTa raodenobis Tanafardobas maswavleblebi raodenobasTan, maSin ufro misareb gazomvas miviRebT, ise rom gansxvavebebi, romlebic gamowveulia qalaqis sididiT, Semcirdeba an saerToadac gaqreba. da mainc, gazomva jer kidev darCeba arasakmarisi. ganaTleba – es ar aris mxolod pedagogebi. ganaTleba – es aris aseve saskolo mecadineobebi, filmebi, wignebi, TvalsaCino xelsawyoebi damravali sxva faqtori. TiToeuli am faqtoris ganxilvam sxvebisgan mowyvetiT SeiZleba Seqmnas araswori STabeWdileba ganaTlebis sistemis xarisxis Sesaxeb. saskolo ganaTlebis sistemas SeiZleba gaaCndes uaRresad xelsayreli Sefardeba moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs Soris, Tumca arasakmarisi raodenobis saswavli saSualebebi da masalebi. Secdoma iqneboda imis mtkiceba, rom saskolo ganaTlebis es sistema ar gansxvavdeba sistemisgan, sadac aris igive Sefardeba moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs Soris da swavlis SesaniSnavi saSualebebi da masalebi. Tuki Cven miviswrafiT validurobisken, Cven unda vcadoT avirCioT iseTi gazomvebi, romlebic iqneba misaRebi da sruli.

am situaciaSi Cndeba ori kiTxva: rogor ganvaxorcieloT amomwuravi, sruli da misaRebi gazomvebi da rogor davrwmundeT imaSi, rom Cven SevZeliT amis gakeTeba.

pasuxi pirvel kiTxvaze iwyeba operacionalizaciis procesiT. Cven SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT validuroba rogorc xarisxi, romelSic gazomvis Sefasebebis sxvaobebi asaxavs mxolod im sxvaobebs cnebis mniSvnelobebis ganawilebaSi, ris gazomvasac Cven vapirebT. iqidan gamomdinare rom Cven, savaraudod, verasodes ver SevZlebT mivarwioT srul da yovelmxriv validurobas, Cveni mizani unda mdgomareobdes iseTi gazomvebis SerCevaSi, romlebic minimalurad mgrZnobiare iqneboda yvela sxva sxvaobis zemoqmedebis mimarT garda im sxvaobebisa, rac ganpirobebulia im cvladiT, romelic Cven gvainteresebs. amisaTvis aucilebelia yuradRebiT ganvixiloT yvela is procesi, rac dakavSirebulia Cvens gazomvebTan, imisaTvis rom aRmovaCinoT SesaZlo mizezebi Sefasebebs Soris gansxvavebebSi. am etapze Cven gansakuTrebiT yuradRebiT unda viyoT, raTa Tavi davizRvioT sistematiuri Secdomebis zemoqmedebisagan.

ganvixiloT aseTi magaliTi. SesaZloa, Cven dagvWirdeba gavzomoT, ra xarisxiT eTanxembian sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebis moqalqeebi Tavisi mTavrobebis politikas. Cven vwyvetT rom Tanxmobis an uTanxmoebis maCvneblad gamovyenoT pasuxebi mTel rig specialurad momzadebul kiTxvebze. Cven vTvliT, rom kiTxvebze pasuxebs Soris gansxvavebebis erTaderTi wyaro iqneba Sexedulebebis Soris arsebuli sxvaoba. Tumca erTwuTian dafiqrebas mivyavarT im azramde, rom arsebobs variaciis sxva SesaZlo wyaro. Tuki Cvens mier Seswavlil saxelmwifoebs Soris aris saxelmwifoebi avtoritaruli mmarTvelobiT, romlebic iyenebn saidumlo policias gansxvavebuli azris gamosavlenad da ganixilaven sakuTari politikis nebismier kritikas rogorc saxelmwifo Ralatis aqts, maSin aseTi saxelmwifoebis moqalaqeebs, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom SeeSindebaT interviuSi gamoxaton ukmayofileba Tavisi mTavrobiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi Sefasebebi, romlebsac Cven miviRebT Cveni gazomvistvis, SeiZleba sul mcire iseve ganisazRvrebodes am saxelmwifos MmTavrobis damokidebulebiT gansxvavebuli azris mqoneebTan, rogorc – gamkiTxulTa azriT. iqidan gamomdinare, rom gazomvis aseTi saxis Secdomis albaToba Zalian didia, momzadebuli kiTxvebi aRmoCndeba operacionalizaciisTvis gamousadegari.

msgavsad amisa, kvleviTi procesis dasawyisSive Cven unda vizrunoT mis sisruleze. Tuki Cven gvsurs gavzomoT sxvadasxva interesTa jgifebis SefardebiTi gavlena Statis sakanonmdeblo krebaSi, maSin SeiZleba vifiqroT maCveneblis saxiT am jgufebis mier sakanondeblo komisiebis win gakleTebuli gamosvlebis Sesaxeb sagazeTo Setyobinebebis gamoyeneba. Tumca unda vkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, daiyvaneba Tu ara politikuri zegavlena sajaro sxdomebze ficis dapirebebis warmoTqmamde. es saqmianoba kanonierad iTvleba zegavlenis procesis nawilad, Tumca arsebobs zegavlenis moxdenis imdeni sxva saSualeba, rom gazomva, romelic eydnoba mxolod dapirebebis warmoTqmas, rogorc zegavlenis maCvenebels, arasruli aRmoCndeba.

amgvarad, misaRebi da SedarebiT sruli operacionalizaciis miReba damokidebulia rogorc Cveni sakvlevi obieqtis karg codnaze, ise aletrnatiuli operacionalizaciis zemiwevniTi logikuri analizis ganxorcielebaze. magram Cveni gazomvebis validurobis Semowmeba, imis dasadgenad, kargia Tu ara isini, SesaZlebelia mxolod imis Semdeg, rac Segrovili iqneba monacemebi. gazomvebis validurobis Semowmebis process ewodeba validizacia.

validizacias gaaCnia oTxi ZiriTadi midgoma. pirvels xSirad ewodeba pragmatuli validizacia, radnagac gazomvis validuroba fasdeba monacmeebis safuZvelze imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad kargad gvaZlevs is saSualebas winaswar ganvsazRvroT qcevebi da movlenebi. magaliTad, Cven SevimuSavebT gazovmas sazogadoebriv Tanamdebobaze kandidatebis gamosadegobis dasadgenad, amomorCevlebis TvalsazrisiT. am gazomvis validurobis gansazRveruli maCveneblis miReba SeiZleba, Tuki gamoviyenebT mas aSS-s senatis yvela kandidatisTvis mocemul saarCevno wels da amomrCevlebisTvis mimzidvelobis skalis mixedviT Catarebuli SedarebiTi Sefasebebis safuZvelze viwinaswarmetyvelebT maT Sansebs rom arCeul iqnen. rac ufro meti warmatebiT viwinaswarmetyvelebT yvela kandidatisTvis arCevnebis Sedegebs, miT ufro metad davrwmundebiT gazomvis validurobaSi, imaSi, rom is zustad asaxavs cnebas, rasac Cven vgulisxmobdiT. miRebulia imis Tqma, rom gazovmebs, romlebic momavali movlenebis winaswarmetyvelebis saSualebas iZleva, gaaCnia prognozirebiTi validuroba.

pragmatuli validuroba saWiroebs rom cvladebs gaaCndeT raime aletrnatiuli maCvenebeli, romelic, Cveni azriT, maTi validuri amsaxvelia. Cven vamowmebT Cvens gazomvebs am alternatiuli maCveneblis mixedviT, rogorc SegveZlo Segvemowmebina asakis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis siswore dabadebis mowmobis mixedviT. samwuxarod cnebebisTvis, romlebic gamoiyeneba sociologiur kvlevebSi, iSviaTad gvxvdeba aSkarad validuri aletnatiuli maCveneblebi. Sedegad Cven Cveulebriv gviwevs daveyrdnoT vadlidizaciis meore tips – konstruqtul validizacias.

konstruqtuli validizacias axorcieleben gazomvis validurobis gamoyvaniT im monacemebidan, romlebic asaxavs Sefasebebs Soris realuri urTierTmimarTebebis Sesatyvisobis xarisxs molodinebis sxvadasxva ganzomilebebis mixedviT arsebul sxvadasxva gazomvebs Soris, romlebic gamomdinareobs Teoriidan, romelic mocemuli maCveneblis gamoyenebas gviwesebs. am dros ganxilva ori mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs.

upirveles yovlisa Cven unda vuTxraT sakuTar Tavs: “Tuki cneba X dadebiTad aris dakavSirebuli cneba Y-Tan, da uaryofiTad – cneba Z-Tan (rogorc amas gveubenba Cveni Teoria), maSin agreTve swori iqneba isic, rom cneba X-is Sefasebebi validur gazomvaSi dadebitad iqneba dakavSirebuli cneba Y-is SefasebebTan validur gazomvaSi da uaryofiTad -- cneba Z-is SefasebebTan validur gazomvaSi”. Cven ar SegviZlia movaxdinoT gazomvis validizacia, Tuki SevadarebT am gazomvis Sefasebebs sxva gazomvaSi imave cvladis Sefasebebs, romelic (gazomva), rogorc Cven viciT, validuria (rogorc dabadebis mowmobis SemTxvevaSi). Tumca Cven SegviZlia vimsjeloT mis validurobaze imis mixedviT, Tu ra xarisxiT qmnis mocemuli gazomvis gamoyeneba cvladis maCvneblis saxiT imave saxis urTeriTobebs mocemul cvladsa da sxva cvladebs Soris, rasac CvenCveni Teoriis Sesabamisad moveliT.

magaliTis saxiT aviRoT saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobebis Seswavla. Cven SegveZlo agvegi aseTi kavSiris sandoobis gazomva Sesabamisi qveynebis sagazeTo publikaciebis kontent-analizis safuZvelze. aris ki or qveyanas Soris Tanamegobrobis sandoobis validuri maCvenebeli is, rom mocemuli qveynis gazeTebni gamudmebiT weren meore saxelmwifos Sesaxeb? Cven SevZlebdiT am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas, Tu Semdegnairad vimsjelebT: ”Cveni Teoriis Tanaxmad, rac ufro sandoa saxelmwifoebis Tanamegorboba, miT ufr xSirad miscemen isini erTnairad xmas gaero-Si da miT ufro nakleb SezRudvas daadeben erTmaneTs Soris vaWrobas. amitomac mocemuli Tanamegobrobis sandoobis Sedaseba validur gazomvaSi dadebiTad iqneba dakavSirebuli gaero-Si erTnairi xmis micemis gazomvebis SefasebebTan da uaryofiTad iqneba dakavSirebuli savaWro SezRudvebis raodenobis gazomvebis SefasebebTan.

imas rac Cven am wuTas aRvwereT, xSirad gare validizacias uwodeben. am dros xdeba sxva cvladebisTvis gazomvebis Sefasebebis Sedareba im gazomvis SefasebebTan, romlis validizaciasac vaxdenT. rasakvirvelia, validizaciis am MmeTodis gamosayeneblad Cven mogviwevs Cvens kvlevaSi CavrToT sxva cvladebis gazomva. es niSnavs, rom Cven unda movifiqorT veni gazomvebis validizaciis saSualebebi ukve kvlevis adreul etapebze. cxadia, im momentisTvis, rodesac Cven mzad viqnebiT SevimSavoT kvlevis gegma, Cven unda vicodeT, rogor Semowmdeba Cveni gazomvebis validuroba, imisaTvis rom SevagrovoT mTeli saWiro informacia.

gare validizacii mcdelobebi validurobis damajerebel mtkicebulebebs mogvcems Cveni gazomvebis erTi cvladeisTbis mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki Cven darwmunebulebi viqnebiT im gazomvebis validurobaSi, rac gamoiyeneba sxva cvladebisTvis. amgvarad, bolo magaliTSi Cven ver SevZlebdiT gagvekeTebina raime daskvna Tanamegobrobis sandoobis gazomvis validurobis Sesaxeb mocemuli gazomvis Sefasebebisa da ori sxva cvladis Sefasebebis Sedarebis safuZvelze, Tuki Cven ar CavTvlidiT erTnairi xmis micemis da savaWro SezRudvebis maCveneblebs validurad. iqidan gamomdinare, rom xSirad rTuli aris xolme sruliad validuri maCveneblebis aRmoCena im cvladebisTvis, romlebTanac unda iyos dakavSirebuli sakvanZo cvladi, gare validruobis procedurebi sifrTxiliT unda gamoviyenoT xolme. es yovelive Zalian waagavs hipoTezis Semowmebis proceduras. araviTari calke aRebuli Sedegi ar iZleva gazomvis validurobis (an aravalidurobis) garantias. ufro metad, waramtebuli validizaciis SemTxvevebis dagrovebasTan erTad, Cveni darwmuneboloba gazomvis validurobaSi izrdeba. am mizeziT gare validizaciis gamosayeneblad mizanSewonilia veZioT rac SeiZleba meti urTierTkavSiri, romelic am TeoriiT aris winaswargansazRvreuli. validurobis Semowmebis rac ufro meti saSualeba iqneba Cvens xelT, miT ufro sando iqneba Cveni Sedegi.

msjelobebis igive logika SegviZlia gamoviyenoT konstruqtyuli validizaciis meore tipTan – Sida, anu konvergentul validizaciasTan. validizaciis es tipi moicavs ramdenime gazomvis SemuSavebas erTi da igive cvladisTvis da am sxvdasxva gazomvebis erTmaneTTan Sedarebas. Cven vTvliT, rom Tuki yoveli maCvenebeli gvaZlevs validur gazomvas ganxiluli cnebisTvis, maSin Sefasebebi, romlebic miiReba konkretuli obieqtebis mier am gazomvebSi, mWidro kavSirSi unda iyos erTmaneTTan. Tuki А-c, В-c, da С-c validuri gazomvebia Х-Tvis, maSin nebismieri konkretuli obieqtis Sefaseba А, В da С gazomvebSi Zalian axlo unda iyos.

davuSvaT, magaliTad, rom komunaluri momsaxurebis muSaobis Seswavlis farglebSi Cven gvsurs miviRoT maCvenebeli gare ganaTebis xarisxisTvis sacxovreblis midamoebSi. aseTi maCveneblis saxiT Cven SegveZlo gamogveyenbina macxovreblebis azriT gare ganaTebis sakmarisobis Sefaseba (rasac gamovavlenT SerCeviTi intervius saSualebiT). Cven SegviZlia SerCeviT vkiTxoT mezoblad adamianebs, maTi azriT, ramdenad kargaad aris ganatebuli quCa maT saxlTan da aviRoT saSualo maCvenebli rogorc gare ganaTebis xarisxis sazomi. imisaTvis rom ganvaxorcieloT Sida validizacia, Cven aseve SegviZlia gavzomoT gare ganaTebis xarisxi: 1) gamviyenoT sinaTlis mricxveli ganaTebis sikaSkaSisa da ganawilebis fizikuri sazomis misaRebad; 2) miviRoT ganaTebis Sefasebebi, romlebic gakeTebulia specialurad ganswavluli damkirveblebis mier; 3) vtxovoT macxovreblebs Seadaron quCebis ganaTeba ganaTebas fotosuraTebze, romlebzec gamosaxulia sxvadasxva xarisxiT ganaTebuli quCebi dagavasaSualoT maTi Sefasebebi maTi sacxovrebeli saxlebis midamoebis ganaTebis mniSvnelobis misaRebad. amgvarad, Cven viRebT cvladis oTx gazomvas. Tuki TiToeuli maTgani aris validuri, maSin yvela maTgani mWirdod unda iyos erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli. amis Semowmeba SesaZlebelia Sesabamisi statistikuri gaangariSebebis saSualebiT. Tuki Cven aRmovaCenT, rom im gazomvis Sefasebebi, romlis safuZvelSi devs pasuxebi intervius kiTxvebze, sustad aris dakavSirebuli danarCeni sami gazomvis SefasebebTan, da rom amasTan, am sami gazomvis Sefasebebi mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli erTameTTan, Cven gveqneba safuZveli vivaraudoT, rom pirveli gazomva ar aris validuri.

es Zalian waagavs erTi da igive sagnis awonvas sam sxvadasxva sasworze. Tuki TiToeuli saswori aCvenebs zust wonas da Cven ar gvaqvs safuZveli CavTvaloT, rom eqsperimentis msvlelobisas obieqtis wona Seicvala, maSin sruliad gamarTlebulia velodoT, rom yvela saswori erTsa da imave wonas aCvenebs., Tuki kidev erTi saswori aCvenebs wonas, romelic mocemulisgan gansxvavdeba, SeiZleba viqonioT eWvi, rom is ar aris daregulirebuli.

Sida validizaciis gamoyenebisas aucilebelia usafrTxoebis imave zomebis gamoyeneba, rac saWiroa gare validizaciis dros. Cven yolveTvis ar SegviZlia viyoT darwmunebulebi, ro sakvanZo cnebis Cveni alternatiuli gazomvebis validuria, da amitom sifrTxiliT unda gavakeToT daskvnebi gazomvis validurobis an aravalidurobis Sesaxeb validizaciis nebismieri Semowmebis safuZvelze. Cveni darwmuneba Sida validizaciis SedegebSi SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad gaizardos, Tuki Cven vixelmZRvanelebT martivi wesiT: cnebis aletrnatiuli gazomvebi unda eydrnobodes sxavadasxva saxis operacionalizaciis rac SeiZleba met raodenobas.

gare ganaTebis magaliTSi gazomvebs wyaros saxiT aqvs operacionalizaciis oTxi sxvadasxva tipi: macxovreblebis sityvieri Sefasebebi, fizikuri gazomvebi, damkvirveblebis Sefasebebi da macxovreblebis mier suraTebis SerCeva. TiToeuli maTgani warmoadgens operacionalizaciis gansakuTrebul saSualebas. rac meti sxvadasxva saSualebis gamoyenebas SevZlebT da rac ufro naklebad iqneba isini erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, miT ufro metad SevZlebT Cveni validizaciis ndobas. ratom? msjelobis logika Semdegia. aravalidurobis ZiriTadi wyaro – es aris gazomvis sistematiuri da SemTxveviTi Secdomebi. sxvadasxva gazomvebi Secdomebis sxvadasxva tipebs eqvemdebareba. rac ufro meti maCvenebeli gvaqvs romelime cvladisTvis da rac ufro metad gansxvavdeba isini erTamaneTisgan, miT ufro naklebad mosalodnelia, rom yvela maCvenebelSi gamovlindeba gazomvis erTi da igive Secdoma. da Tuki es asea, Cven ufro meti saSualeba gveqneba aRmovaCinoT gazomvis Secdoma, rogorc Sefasebebs Soris gansxvavebis wyaro nebismier gazomvaSi da miviRoT cvladis zusti gazomva im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki Cven gamoviyenebT mravlobiT maCveneblebs.

magaliTad is faqtorebi, romlebsac SeuZlia usargeblo gaxados gare ganaTebis xarisxis fizikuri gazomva (iseTi, rogoricaa gaumarTavi sinaTlis mricxveli), rogorc Cans, sruliad ar aris dakavSirebuli arc erT im faqtorTan, romelsac sistematiuri Secdomebis Setana SeeZlo iseT gazomvaSi, romelic eyrdnoba macxovreblebis Sefasebebs (iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa adamianebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli tendencia CaTvalon, rom adgilobrivi patriotizmis grZnobaze daydnobiT, maTi komunaluri momsaxureba ar aris ufro cudi, vidre sxva adgilebSi). Tuki Cven viyenebT gazomvis mxolod erT saSualebas, maSin gazomvis Secdomis nebismier wyaros SeiZleba zegavlena hqondes yoveli gazomvis Sefasebebze, riTic mudmivad araswor da gamousadegar maCvenebels mogvcems da saSualebas ar mogvcems ganvaxorcieloT Sedarebebi gazomvebs Soris. Tuki Cven, magaliTad, veydnobiT ganaTebis mxolod fizikur gazomvas, magram Cvenebes viRebT ramdenime gansxvavebuli gziT (trotuarze, trotuaris kideze, gzatkecilze), maSin sazomi instrumentis nebismieri defeqti (mocemul SemTxvevaSi sinaTlis mricxvelis defeqti) gavlenas moaxdens yvela gazomvaze da verc erTs ver gamoviyenebT meoris Sesamowmeblad.

aseTi midgomis dros cvladebis mravlobiT maCveneblebs Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs. mravlobiTi gazomvebis arseboba ara mxolod imis saSualeba vaZlevs, rom SevamowmoT Cveni maCveneblebis validuroba, aramed agreTve pirvel rigSi zrdis Cvens Sansebs rom miviRoT cvladebis validuri gazomva. mravlobiT gazomvebs sinamdvileSi SeuZLia gazardos gazomvis validuroba, mogvcems ra saSualebas, movaxdinoT ramdenime gansxvavebuli proceduris kombinireba rTuli Sefasebis misaRebad, romelic ufro mosalodnelia, rom cvladis namdvili mniSvnelobis ufro swori amsaxveli iqneba, vidre nebismier gazomva calke aRebuli. aseTi rTuli Sefaseba ufro meti albaTobiT warmoadgens validur gazomvas, radgan ar aris gamoricxuli, rom gazomvis ramdenime proceduris Sedegebis gaerTianebiT is Secdomebi, rac iwvevs TiToeuli gazomvis aravaliudurobas, ganeitraldeba.

aq moqmedebs praqtikulad igive principi, rac mraval sxvadasxva sasworze sagnis awonvis dros. radganac saswori ar aris srulyofili, TiToeulma mowyobilobam SeiZleba gvaCvenos wonis ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba – cotaTi ufro mZime an ufro msubuqi. Tumca Tuki sagans vwoniT ramdenima sxvadasxva sasworze, albaTobis Teoriis kanonebis Sesabamisad, sakmaod maRalia imis albaToba, rom es mcire Secdomebi erTmaneTs gaaneitralebs, da mogvcems saSualo wonas, romelic iqneba swori. amis msgavsad, Tuki Cven vaxdenT cnebebis operacionalizacias ramdenime agansxvavebuli saSualebiT, ise rom TiToeul operacionalizaciasTan dakavSirebuli gazomvis Secdoma ar aris damokidebuli im Secdomebze, rac Tan sdevs yvela danarCen operacionalizacias, maSIn Cven kargi Sansebi gvaqvs uzrunvelyoT cnebis zusti gazomva sxvadasxva Sefasebebis kombinirebis gziT.

validizaciis mesame saSualebas ewodeba diskriminanturi validizacia. rodesac vsvamT kiTxvas, aqvs Tu ara gazomvas diskriminanturi validizacia, Cven ZiriTadad gvainteresebs, SesaZlebeli aris Tu ara mocemuli gazomvis gamoyeneba raime cnebis maCveneblis saxiT, da amiT am cnebis gansxvaveba sxvebisgan. magaliTad, Tuki Cven movindomebdiT gagvezoma politikuri moRvaweebis ndobis cneba gamokvlevis ramdenime kitxvis saSualebiT, xolo cvens anketaSi aris zogierTi kiTxva, romlebic gankuTvnilia adamianebisadmi ndobis (saerTod) cnebis gazomisaTvis, maSin, ori gazomvis Sefasebebis Sedarebisas, Cven SegviZlia vkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, xom ar asaxavs kiTxvebis pirveli nakrebi adamainebisadmi ndobis gazomvis mxolod da mxolod gansxvavebul saSualebas. Tuki Sefasebebi Zalian axlos dgas erTmaneTTan, Cven vityviT, rom politikuri ndobis gazomvas ar gaaCnia diskriminanturi validuroba, radganac is ar iZleva saSualebas ganvasxvavoT cneba “politikuri moRvaweebis ndoba” cnebisgan “adamianebisadmi ndoba”.

da bolos, validizaciis bolo saSualeba eydrnoba aSkara validurobis cnebas. zogierTi gazomva efuZneba imdenad pirdapir dakvirvebas Sesaswavl qcevaze, rom misi validurobis Sesaxeb kiTxvis dasma uazrod Cans: aseTi gazomva validuri Cans “gare maCveneblebiT”. magaliTad, davuSvaT, rom Cven gvinda gavzomoT saxelmwifo kanonis Sesrulebis xarisxi, rac saWiroebs TiToeuli firmis Sesasvlel karze Sesabamisi saqmianobis patentis arsebobas. rogorc Cans, Tuki vaswavliT damkvirveblebs aseTi patentebis qonisa da ar qonis garCevas, Cven kanonis Sesrulebis aSkarad validur gazomvas miviRebT. da Tumca Cven yovelTvis unda vkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, aris Tu ara Cvens mier SerCeuli gazomvebi validuri gare maCveneblebis mixedviT, rogorc wesi, Cven Secdomas davuSvebdiT, Tuki movaxdendiT kvlevis Sedegebis sizustis garantirebas mxolod da mxolod aSkara validurobaze daydnobiT. Cven unda SevecadoT davamtkicoT Cveni gazomvebis validuroba imis msgavsi standartuli procedurebis saSualebiT, rogoric zemoT iyo aRwerili.

validizaciis oTxi ganxiluli tipis ZiriTadi Tvisebebi warmodgenilia cxrilSi. Tu Cven gvsurs swori daskvnebi gamovitanoT Cvens kvlevebze daydnobiT, Cven unda vflobdeT validur gazomvebs. magram imisaTvis rom iyos validuri, gazomvebi agreTve unda iyos sando.

validizaciis tipebi

pragmatuli validizacia	konstruqtuli validizacia	diskriminanturi validizacia	aSkara validizacia
SevamowmoT maCveneblis gamoyenebis gziT miRebuli Sedegebi im SedegebTan, romlebic miRebulia sxva maCveneblis gamoyenebis gziT, romelic aRiarebulia Sesabamisi cnebis validur sazomad; an SevamowmoT maCveneblis prognozirebis validuroba, im movlenebis winaswar gansazRvisTvis, romlebic asaxavs gasazomi cnebas.	Sida (konvergentuli) validizacia: gavakeToT daskvnebi maCveneblis validurobis Sesaxeb sxva maCveneblebTan misi urTierTobis safuZvelze imave cnebisTvis, romelic gamoiyenebs mravlobiT maCveneblebs. gare validizacia: gavakeToT daskvnebi maCveneblis validurobis Sesaxeb misi urTierTobis safuZlvelze sxva cnebebTan, romlebTanac gasazomi cneba Teoriulad unda iyos dakavSirebuli.	gavakeToT daskvnebi maCveneblis validurobis Sesaxeb imis safuZvelze, Tu ra xarisxiT ar Seesabameba es maCvenebeli sxva cnebebis maCveneblebs, romlebic Teoriulad gansxvavebulia gasazomi cnebisgan.	vaRiaroT validuroba, maCveneblis uSualo sicxadiddan gamomdinare. (SesaZlebelia Tu ara davarwmunoT adamianebi, romlebic Caxedulebi arian saqmis kursSi, rom es mocemuli cnebis validuri maCvenebelia?)

 

sandooba

rodesac Cven vsaubrobT gazomvis validurobaze, Cven gvainteresebs, ramdenad zustad Seesabameba am gazomvis saSualebiT miRebuli mniSvnelobebi gasazomi cvladis namdvil mniSvnelobebs. rodesac Cven vsaubrobT gazomvis sandoobaze, Cven gvainteresebs mis mier miRebuli mniSvnelobebi mdgradoba. SegviZlia Tu ara Cven, gamoviyenoT gazomva ramdenjerme da nebismieri mocemuli obieqtisTvis miviRoT erTi da igive mniSvneloba, Tu yoveli cdis Semdeg erTsa da imave obieqtebs sxvadasxva mniSvnelobebis mieniWeba? Tu romelime gazomvis araerTjeradi gamoyenebis dros erTi da igive obieqti ar iRebs erTsa da imave mniSnelobas, es gazomva aris Sesabamisi cnebis arasando maCvenebeli. imisaTvisrom uzrunvelyon saxazavebis sandooba, maT gauwelvadi nivTierebisgan amzadeben. saxazavebi gawelvadi nivTierebisgan rom daemzadebinaT, isini SavsebiT SesaZloa, rom erTi da igive obieqtis sxvadasxva sigrZes aCvenebdnen (im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki sigrZe sinamdvileSi ar Secvlila) mxolod imitom, rom saxazavi iweleba an ikumSeba.

Tuki gazomva arasandoa, is ar SeiZleba rom iyos validuri, radganac rogorc minimum obieqtebisTvis miniWebuli Sefasebebis zogierTi gansxvaveba ganpirobebuli iqneba gazomvis SecdomebiT, da ara obieqtebs Soris WeSmariti gansxvavebebiT. gavixsenoT Cveni magaliTi gare ganaTebis gamokvlevis Sesaxeb. ra iqneba, TukiCvens mier gamoyenebuli sinaTlis mricxveli aRmoCndeba imdenad mgrZnobiare, rom daafiqsirebs ara mxolod quCis lampionebis sinaTles, aramed mTvaris Suqsac? maSin cvladis gare ganaTebis xarisxi mniSvnelobebi yoveli quCisTvis damokidebuli iqneba rogorc quCis lampionebis sikaSkaSeze, ise iseT SemTxveviT faqtorebze rogoricaa mTvaris fazebi da moRrublulobis done. imdenad, ramdenadac es SemTxveviTi faqtorebi zegavlenas axdens Cvens Sedegebze, gazomva aRmoCndeba gare ganaTebis saxiT arsebuli realuri sxvaobebis aravalidur asaxvad. aseT SemTxvevaSi arasandooba ganapirobebs aravalidurobas.

gazomva SeiZleba iyos sakmaod sando magram mainc aravaliduri. gavixsenoT magaliTis saxiT moyvanili kvleva imis Sesaxeb, Tu sxvadasxva qveynebSi ra xarisxiT iwoneben moqalaqeebi sakuTari mTavrobis politikas. Cven vambobdiT, rom kiTxvebma, romlebic ismeba kvlevis procesSi, SeiZleba migviyavanos aravalidur gazomvmade, radganac avtoritarul qveynebSi adamianebs eSiniaT, Tqvan simarTle imis Sesaxeb, rasac fiqroben. radganac mocemuli faqtori ganapirobebs ufri sistematiur, vidre SemTxveviT Secdomas, kiTxvebs SeuZlia mogvces sakmaod aramyari Sedegebi. imisgan damoukideblad, Tu ramdenjer kiTxaven maT, adamianebma SeiZleba erTi da igive upasuxon. Tumca es gazomvas ar gaxdis validurs.

amgvarad, gazomva SeiZleba iyos sando, ise rom ar iyos validuri, magram ver iqneba validuri, Tu ar aris sando. maSin rodesac validurobas safrTxes uqmnis rogorc sistematiuri, ise SemTxveviTi Secdomebi, sandooba safrTxis winaSe dgeba mxolod ukanasknelis gamo. es niSnavs, rom Tuki wina kvlevebSi gazomva damajereblad iqna validizirebuli, Cven SegviZlia gamoviyenoT is ise, rom ar vidardoT mis sandoobaze: Tu gazomva validuria, is unda iyos sando. Tumca, sandoobis demonstrirebiT Cven ver uzrunvelvyofT validurobas.

rogor unda davizRvioT Tavi arasandoobisgan? rogor ganvsazRvroT, sandoa Tu ara mocemuli gazomva? imisaTvis rom Tavidan aviciloT arasandoobis safrTxe, aucilebelia vicodeT gazomvis SemTxveviTi Secdomebbis sxvadasxva wyaroebis Sesaxeb, rac aRwerili iyo am TavSi, da yvelaferi gavakeToT rac ki SesaZlebelia, rom maTze kontroli davamyaroT. kerZod, unda ganvixiloT gazomvis realuri procesi da CavataroT gazomvis intstrumentebis winaswari testireba imisaTvis rom gamovavlinoT SemTxveveiTi Secdomebis adre ucnobi mizezebi.

socialur mecnierebebSi xSirad sakmaod rTulia imis gansazRvra, sandoa Tu ara Cvens mier ganxiluli gazomva. es imis gamo xdeba, rom im cvladebis WeSmariti gazomva, rasTanac Cven gvaqvs saqme, SeiZleba safuZvlianad Seicvalos drois msvlelobasTan erTad da garemoebebis gavlenis qveS: adamianebi icvlian Tavis azrs gamocdilebis gamo; saxelmwifoebi iwyeben resursebis sxvanairad ganawilebas socialur momsaxurebasa da TavdacviTi xasiaTis dawesebulebebs Soris warmoqnili samxedro safrTxis sapsauxod da a.S. rodesac namdvili mniSvneloba ase Tu ise icvleba, Zneli xdeba gazomvis SemTxveviTi Secdomebis zemoqmedebis Sedegebis garCeva gasazomi cnebis CarCoebSi namdvilad arsebuli cvlilebebisgan. es niSnavs, rom testi sandoobaze unda Catardes drois maqsimalurad mokle periodebs Soris.

socialur mecnierebaSi arsebobs gazomvis dadgenis meTodebis sami tipi. pirveli – es aris araerTjeradi testirebis meTodi. aseT SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive gazomva isev da isev gamoiyeneba obieqtebis erTi da igive nakrebis mimarT. Tuki obieqtebi yovel jerze iReben erTsa da imave Sefasebas, gazomva iTvleba sandod. sirTuleebi am meTodTan dakavSirebiT Cndeba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gazomva ukavSirdeba adamianebis interviuirebas (usulo sagnebis maxasiaTeblebis gazomvisa da adamainebze faruli dakvirvebisgan gansxvavebiT). Tuki Cven vimeorebT kiTxvebs drois mokle periodebis Semdeg, respondentebs SeiZleba axsovdeT maT mier adre gacemuli pasuxebi da, imis gamo rom Seecdebian iyvnen Tanmimdevrulebi, gaimeoreben am pasuxebs, imis magivrad rom gulaxdilad upasuxon dasmul kiTxvas. Tu warmoiqmneba aseTi situacia, Cven uZlurni vxdebiT sworad SevafasoT kiTxvebis, rogorc, mocemuli cnebis maCveneblis, sandooba.aseTi test-efeqtisgan Tavis daRwevis mizniTCven SeiZleba migvemarTa meore gamokiTxvisTvis mxolod drois mniSvnelovani periodis gavlis Semdeg. magram aseT SemTxvevaSi Cven davdgebiT sxva problemis winaSe: droTa ganmavlobaSi cvladis WeSmariti mniSvneloba SeiZleba Secvliliyo, da Cven SeiZleba ver SevZloT ganvasxvavoT cvlilebebi im SefasebebSi, rac gazomvis arasandoobis gamo warmoiSveba cvladis namdvilad arsebuli cvlilebebisgan.

aRniSnulma problemam migviyvana sandoobis sxva testis Seqmnamde – alteraniuli formis meTodi. am meTodis Sesabamisad, erTsa da imave dros gazomvis sxvadasxva formebi gamoiyeneba obieqtebis erTi da igive jgufisTvis an erTi da igive gazomva gamoiyeneba obieqtebis sxvadasxva jgufebisTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi test-efeqti SeuZlebelia, radganac arc erTi obieqti ar izomeba erT jerze metad, da radganac gazomvebi ar aris erTmaneTisgan gamoyofili drois intervalebiT, gazomvis Sedegebze gavlenas ver iqoniebs sakvlevi cvladebis realuri cvlilebebi. Tumca am strategiis warmateba damokidebuli aris imaze, Tu ramdenad kargad SeTavsebadia erTmaneTTan gazomvis alternatiuli formebi gasazomi cvladis distribuciis TvalsazrisiT. Tu Cven gvaqvs safuZveli vivaraudoT, rom es pirobebi sruldeba, maSin, rac ufro axlos dgas erTmaneTTan ori gazomvis an ori jgufis Sefasebebi, miT ufro metad SegviZlia darwmunebulebi viyoT gazomvis sandoobaSi. magram Tuki Cven ar gagvaCnia Sedarebadi gazomvebi an jgufebi, Cven ver SevZlebT am meTodis saTanado gamoyenebas.

da bolos, gazomvis sandoobis testirebis bolo saSualeba cnobilia qveSerCevis meTodis saxeliT. es meTodi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom obieqtebisgan SerCevis formirebis Semdeg Cven vyofT mas ramdenime qveSerCevad imgvarad, rom TiToeuli maTgani hgavdes erTmaneTs. Semdeg Cven viyenebT erTsa da imave gazomvas yvela qveSerCevisTvis da viRebT qveSerCevebis Sedegebis msgavsebas an gansxvavebas rogorc gazomvis sandoobis maCvenebels. iqidan gamomdinare, rom Cven viyenebT erTsa da imave gazomva yvela qveSerCevisaTvis, Cven ar gvaqvs Setavsebaze zrunvis saWiroeba, rogorc es iyo alternatiuli meTodis SemTxvevaSi; da radganac qveSerCevebis ekvivalenturobis uzrunvelsayofad Cven SegviZlia daveydnoT mxolod SerCevis Teorias, Cven ar gviwevs Relva imis Taobaze, rom gasazomad arebuli jgufebi aRmoCndeba arasakmarisad erTgvarovani. radganac arc erTi obieqti ar izomeba orjer, Cven ver miviCnevT test-efeqts Cveni sandoobis testis sizustis safrTxed; ra radganac gazomvebi xorcieldeba erTdroulad, cvladis realur cvlilebebs ar SeiZleba hqondes mniSvneloba mocemuli meTodisTvis, rogorc es xdeba araerTjeradi testirebis meTodis dros. magram qveSerCevis meTodis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba ganisazRvreba imiT, SegviZlia Tu ara Cven miviRoT imdenad didi SerCeva, rom, misi nawilebad gayofis Semdeg, Cven gvqondes iseTi qveSerCevebi, romlebic sakmarisi iqneba, rom Cvens mier gamoyenebuli statistikuri testebi azriani iyos. es yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli da SeiZleba iqces dabrkolebad sandoobis Sesamowmeblad qveSerCevis meTodis gamoyenebisaTvis.

sandoobis TiToeuli am testis Sedegebi iterpretaciisaTvis arsebobs mravali statistikuri procedura.

aRweril meTodebs gaaCnia mravali nairsaxeoba. is, Tu romeli varianti miesadageba mocemul sakvlev preqts ufro metad, damokidebuli iqneba imaze, Tu ra drosa da SesaZleblobebs flobs mkvlevari, da agreTve ra xasiaTis aris kvleva. magaliTad, Tuki Cven gvinda gavzomoT gare ganaTeba sxvadasxva kvartalebis ganaTebulobis Sefasebebis safuZvelze, rac gakeTebuli iyo momzadebuli damkvirveblebis mier, Cven Tavisuflad SegviZlia gamoviyenoT araerTjeradi tesiterebis meTodi ise, rom ar vifiqroT araviTar test-efeqtze. gare ganaTeba ar Seicvleba mxolod imitom, rom mas viRac zomavs, da amitom saSualeba unda misces sxvadaxva damkvirveblebs erTmaeTisgan damoukideblad Seafason erTi da igive quCa erTsa da imave Rames. Cven ver SevZlebT imave xarisxiT vendoT am meTods, Tuki gare ganaTebis Cveni gazomva dafuZnebuli iqneba pasuxebze, rasac Tavad macxovreblebi gascemen intervius kiTxvebze.

imisda miuxedavad, Tu sadnoobis romeli testis gamoyenebas vamjobinebT, gazomvebis sandoobis dadgena mniSvnelovani aris manamde, sanam daiwyeba kvleva. es saWiroebs gazomvis winaswar testirebas monacemebis Segrovebis gziT, romlebic gankuTvnilia mxolod da mxolod im instrumentebis SefasebisTvis, romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba TviTon kvlevaSi. Tu Cven ver SevZlebT amis gakeTebas, maSin SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom sakvanZo cvladebis Cveni gazomvebi ar aris sando (da amitom ar aris validuri), da es SeiZleba gamoirkves mxolod imis Semdeg, rac kvleva dasruldeba. es ki imas niSnavs, rom Cven ver SevZlebT vendoT kvlevis Sedegebs, da Cveni Zalisxmeva mTlianad an nawilobriv tyuil-ubralod iqna dakarguli. gazomvis solidurobisa da sandoobis winaswari testireba nebismier sakvlevi proeqtis Semadgeneli nawili unda iyos, Tuki masSi gamoiyeneba gazomvebi, romlebic ar iyo sadme damajereblad validizirebuli, an Tuki es proeqti eyrdnoba gazomvebs, romlebic validizirebuli iyo mxolod iseT pirobebSi, rac Zlier gansxvavdeba imisgan, sadac is unda iyos gamoyenebuli.

daskvna

am momentisaTvis Cven ganxilvaSi SemovitaneT kvlevis procesis ZiriTadi komponentebi. cnebebis operacionalizacia gazomvadi maCveneblebis SemuSavebis saSualebiT gvamzadebs masalasTan muSaobisTvis, romlis drosac Cven gavakeTebT dakvirvebebs, rac Cveni daskvnebis safuZveli gaxdeba. Tumca imisaTvis, rom ganvaxorcieloT es dakvirvebebi, Cven dagvWirdeba “Setevis gegma” – dakvirvebebis Catarebis iseTi sqema, romelic saSualebas mogvcems mis safuZvelze gamovitanoT sando daskvnebis maqsimaluri raodenoba. aseTi gegma, kvlevis programa, aris me-4 Tavis Tema.