ინტერვიურება

                                            თეონა ბაბუნაშვილმა

 

 

                      interviuireba

 

interviuireba warmoadgens, erTdroulad, erT-erT yvelaze kargsa da yvelaze cud saSualebas informaciis Segrovebisa, romelic xelmisawvdomia swavluli-politologisaTvis. misi yvelaze ufro arsebiTi naklovaneba dakavSirebulia interviuirebisas arsebul situaciasTan, romelic mdidaria iseTi SesaZleblobebiT, rodesac garkveuli reaqcia respodentis mxridan pasuxis gacemisas SeiZleba arasasurveli zegavlenis mqone aRmoCndes kvlevisaTvis. informaciis miRebisas “dabrkoleba” SeiZleba gamoiwvios respodentis reaqciam -  interviueris garegnul, an qceviT mopyrobaze, kiTxvis formulirebaze, an im garemoze, sadac interviu mimdinareobs, rac dakavSirebulia ara Tavad garesamyaroze, aramed konkretulad dakiTxvis procesze.

 

aვivaraudoT, rom Tqven SeZlebT yvela faqtoris gakontrolebas, ramac Tavi SeiZleba iCinos msgavs procesSi. magaliTad, iseT SemTxvevebsac hqonia adgili, rodesac interviu praqtikulad CaSlila imis gamo, rom interviuers garkveuli mogonebebi aRuZravs respodentisTvis dedaze da masSi emociuri reaqcia gamouwvevia. swored amitom, mkvlevarma unda gadadgas iseTi nabijebi, rac mas respodentis mxridan mosalodneli reaqtiulobis minimumamde dayvanaSi daexmareba da gazrdis ndobis atmosferos gamokiTxvis dros. swored, amis Sesaxeb iqneba saubari am TavSi. Cven ganvixilavT, rogorc SerCeviTi interviuirebis dinamikas, rodesac respodentebi ganixilebian mxolod raRac generaluri erTobis warmomadgenlebi, ise, e.w. mimarTul da specializirebul interviuirebas, rodesac respodentebi irCevian raime gansakuTrebuli niSanTvisebebis mixedviT. interviuirebis es ori tipi mkvlevarisgan moiTxovs gansxvavebul unar-Cvevebsa da meTodebs. am TavSi mocemulia rekomendaciebi yvela am problemasTan dakavSirebiT. am rekomendaciebs, calsaxad, ar SeuZliaT Caunacvlon mkvlevars praqtikuli gamocdilebidan miRebuli codna, radgan socialur mecnierebebSi inrevius warmarTvaSi daostateba erT-erT mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens mecnierebis codnasTan erTad.

 

 

SerCeviTi interviuireba

 

Tu Tqven student-politologi xarT, maSin dagWirdebaT interviuireba sakurso naSromisaTvis, an Tqven SeiZleba SemogTavazon interviueris rolSi yofna raime kvlevis proeqtis farglebSi, romelic muSavdeba Tqveni piradi xelmZRvanelis mier. Tuki, Tqven swavluli-politologi xarT, maSin SeiZleba mogiwioT gamokiTxvis xelmZRvaneloba raime mecnieruli kvlevis farglebSi piradi, profesiuli dainteresebidan gamomdinare, an mosalodnelia gTxovon Sefaseba gamokiTxvis meTodebTan dakavSirebiT, romelsac sxva mkvlevari warmarTavs. yvela am SemTxvevaSi, Tqven dagWirdebaT gamokiTxvis dinamikasa da saWiro meTodikasTan gacnoba. ramdenadac, es meTodebi da teqnika efeqturia nebismieri dakiTxvis dros da SeuZlia varireba nebismieri kvlevis tipsa da respodentis xasiaTze morgebiT, Cven SegviZlia SemogTavazoT  ramodenime saerTo wesi, rac miRebulia interviuirebis umravles SemTxvevaSi.

 

Tuki, SesaZlebelia respodentTa jgufis winaswari Segroveba, aseT SemTxvevaSi, dasawyisisaTvis umjobesi iqneba, maT eleqtronuli Setyobineba gavugzavnoT interviueris vizitis Sesaxeb “mniSvnelovani, mecnieruli kvlevis warmarTvasTan dakavSirebiT”. aseTi xerxi respodents ndobas aRuZravs da zrdis imis SesaZleblobas, rom is daTanxmdeba intervius mocemaze.

 

damatebiT, intervius dawyebamde mkvlevars unda hqondes gaTviTcnobierebuli, rom: (a) yvela interviuers momzadebuli aqvs standaruli teqsti “Sesavali sityvisa”, romlis daxmarebiTac ubralo formiT auxsnis respodents kvlevis arss da maSinve gadadis gamokiTxvaze; (b) yvela interviuers gaaCnia rekomendaciis werili da sabuTebi, agreTve, telefonis nomeri, romelzec respodents SeuZlia survilisamebr darekos da interviueris pirovnebisa da misi vizitis miznis Sesaxeb miiRos informacia; (g) adgilobrivi policia gafrTxilebulia kvlevis Catarebis Sesaxeb da icis, rogor unda upasuxos zemoT xsenebul telefonis zarebs, aseTis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi.

 

intervius mimdinareobis procesSi, ki interviueri unda moqmedebdes Semdegi wesebis mixedviT:

 

1.   yvela intervius dasawyisisa da dasasrulis dro aucileblad unda iyos aRniSnuli intervius blankSi.

 

2.   intervius mimdinareobisas Sevsebuli yvela blanki unda iyos xelmowerili interviueris mier, an masze SeiZleba iyos miTiTebuli interviueris kodi, Tuki aseTi arsebobs.

 

3.   raTa Seiqmnas ndobis atmosfero, saWiroa interviuerma ecados respodents TvalebSi uyuros.

 

4.   intervius tempi, rom ar daeces, saWiroa, interviuerma kiTxvaze pasuxis CaniSnva ecados maSin, rodesac Semdegi kiTxva daismis.

 

5.   pasuxebis CaniSnva unda xdebodes met-naklebad SeumCnevlad respodentisTvis.

 

6.   saWiroa, interviuerma Tavad waikiTxos da CainiSnos yvela pasuxi. ar SeiZleba respodents mieces ufleba TviTonve Seavsos kiTxvari, ise rogorc, es xdeba anketis Sevsebis dros.

 

7.   Tuki saWiroa pasuxebze komentarebis CaniSvna, es yvelaferi reziumes saxiT ki ar unda xdebodes, aramed zustad im sityvebiT, romelTac respodenti xmarobs.

 

8.   Tuki respodenti bundovnad pasuxobs SekiTxvas, interviueri unda ecados misgan ufro konkretuli pasuxi miiRos.

 

9.   Tuki respodenti pasuxis gacemas iwyebs sityvebiT: “ara, magram. . . “, aseTi sagulisxmo frazebic unda iqnas CaniSnuli, iseve, rogorc Tavad pasuxi.

 

10.  Tuki adekvaturi pasuxis misaRebad saWiroa winaswar niadagis momzadeba, interviuerma es yvelaferi unda CaniSnos blankSi da Caiweros iseTi kiTxva, romelic am SemTxvevaSi daxmarebas gauwevs mas (magaliTad: “ratom xdeba ise, rom. . . ?). kargad momzadebul intervius blankSi, Sesaferisi “sacdeli burTebi” (“пробные шары”) mieTiTeba yvela kiTxvas, romlisTvisac is gaxda saWiro.

 

11.  interviueri arasodes ar unda ecados erTdroulad erTze meti adamianis interviuirebas.

 

12.  interviuerma unda ecados interviu warmarTos respodentTan TvalebSi yurebiT. Tuki, kidev vinmes moundeba intervius dros daswreba, piroba unda CamoerTvas, rom intervius dros xelis SemSlel faqtorad ar iqceva. interviuerma ar unda Seitanos cvlilebebi respodentis pasuxebSi im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki sxva vinme daarwmunebs mas, rom Secvalos mosazreba.

 

13.  interviuerma respodents ufleba ar unda misces, rom man misi piradi daintereseba SeamCnios konkretuli sagnis ganxilvisas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, am yvelaferma SeiZleba respodentis pasuxze zegavlena moaxdinos.

 

14.  Tuki, kiTxvis formulireba an SeTavazebuli pasuxis varianti respodentSi winaaRmdegobas iwvevs, interviuerma daJinebiT ki ar unda moiTxovos pasuxi, aramed unda auxsnas respodents, rom is valdebulia ise dasvas SekiTxvebi, rogorc blankSi weria da rom is kiTxvaTa formulirebaze pasuxismgebeli ar aris.

 

15.  respodentis winaaRmdegoba kiTxvis dasmis dros unda iqnas CaniSnuli blankSi, radgan SemdgomSi is SeiZleba gamosadegi gaxdes kvlevisaTvis.

 

16.  CaniSnuli unda iqnas mxolod pirveladi pasuxebi. ar unda SevcvaloT fiqsirebuli pasuxi, Tuki amas respodenti moiTxovs Semdegi kiTxvis dasmis Semdeg. 

 

17.  roca respodenti pasuxobs “me ar vici. . . “, ar unda davaCqaroT is da im wuTSive ar unda davusvaT Semdegi SekiTxva, radgan is SeiZleba pasuxis Sesavali iyos (“nu, me ar vici. . . me vfiqrob, rom . . . “).

 

18.  interviuerma arasodes ar unda Secvalos kiTxvebis formulireba an mimdevroba winaswar gansazRvrulad.

 

19.  interviuerma arasodes ar unda gaagebinoT respodents (im SemTxvevasic ki, Tuki is amas iTxovs), ra upasuxes mocemul SekiTxvaze sxva respodentebma.

 

20. interviueri arasodes ar unda ecados dakiTxoT respodenti zepirad. intervius blanki interviueris Tvalwin unda idos da mas unda uyurebdes maSinac ki, rodesac erTi Tvali kiTxvarze uWiravs, raTa kiTxva gaixsenos.

 

21.  intervius damTavrebisas, sanam respodents gauSvebdes, interviuerma unda gadaxedos mTels blanks, raTa darwmundes, rom yvela kiTxva iqna dasmuli. umjobesia davsvaT gamotovebuli SekiTxva araTanmimdevrulad da respodents vTxovoT gaimeoros pasuxi, vidre intervius blankSi romelime kiTxva carieli davtovoT.

 

 

kiTxvaTa formulireba

 

mkvlevars SeuZlia mniSvnelovnad gauadvilos saqme interviuers, Tuki mas zust instruqciebs da gulmodgined formulirebul kiTxvebs miscems. sworad dasmul SekiTxvas SeuZlia interviuers mravali problema aacilos Tavidan. magaliTad, interviuerisTvis gacilebiT advilia kontaqtis damyareba respodentTan, Tuki, kiTxva formulirebulia ise, rom respodentis ar uxdeba aRiareba raime faqtis arcodnis Sesaxeb.    potenciuri daZabuloba, SeiZleba, mniSvnelovan doneze, moxsnas frazebma, “nu, Tqven, albaT, gqondaT saSualeba amis Sesaxeb wagekiTxaT”, rac kiTxvis dasmis dasasruls SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli.

 

zustad iseTi miTiTebis micema, romelia koreqtuli kiTxvis formulireba da romeli ara SeuZlebelia, magram SesaZlebelia iseTi tipiuri Secdomebis aRniSnva, romlebsac Tavi unda avaridoT. ase rom, rogori ar unda iyos SekiTxva:

 

 

1. uzomod grZeli. Tuki arsebobs kiTxvaTa formulirebis saerTo wesi, maSin is mdgomareobs imaSi, rom umokles kiTxvaTa formulireba komunikaciuri urTierTobebisas yvelaze ufro efeqturia. grZeli SekiTxvebi ara marto did dros moiTxovs, aramed man SeiZleba mTavar Temas moswyvitos respodentis yuradReba. amas garda, grZeli SekiTxva SeiZleba Seicavdes sxva Secdomebs, razec qvemoT iqneba saubari. arasodes ar ixmaroT ori sityva iq, sdac erTic sakmarisia. Tavi aarideT pirobiTi narTauli (zeddarTuli) da piradi epiTetebis gamoyenebas. magaliTad, SekiTxva “Tuki saprezidento arCevnebi Catardeboda Tavis droze da ara noemberSi, rogor fiqrobT, arsebul kandidatebs Soris vis miscemdiT xmas?”, ufro upriani iqneboda Segvemoklebina “Tuki saprezidento arCevnebi Catardeboda dRes, vis miscemdiT xmas?”

 

2. ganusazRvreloba. simoklisken swrafvam ar unda migviyvanos arasrul, an arazust kiTxvis formulirebamde. imisTvis, rom davrwmundeT, Seicavs Tu ara kiTxva yvela informacias sasurveli, konkretuli pasuxis misaRebad, Tqvens Tavs kiTxeT, respodents moundeba Tu ara pasuxs pasuxiTve upasuxos. ase rom, kiTxvaze “rodesme yofilxarT ukmayofilo saxelmwifo dawesebulebiT? respodentma SeiZleba gvipasuxos: “ukmayofilo var visi? saxelmwifo Cinovnikebis? mezoblebis?”. kiTxva ganusazRvrelia, rodesac is Zalian zogadia (“ar geCvenebaT, rom xalxi Zalian bevrs fiqrobs politikaze?”), an masSi ar aris gansazRvruli konkretuli dro adgili an Sesadarebeli obieqti (“miiReT monawileoba bolo arCevnebSi?”, cxovrobs aq bevri Camosaxlebuli azieli?”, “rogor fiqrobT, smiti – saukeTeso kandidatia?”) .

 

3. orazrovneba. ganusazRvrelobis gansakuTrebiT saSiSi forma imaleba ormag kiTxvaSi. xSirad, aseT SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlebelia    sruli pasuxis gacema, radgan is, Tavis mxriv, or gansxvavebul SekiTxvas Seicavs. magaliTad: kiTxvaze “rogor fiqrobT, vxarjavT Tu ara zedmet saxsrebs samxedro sferoSi, an, Tqveni azriT, aucilebelia Zlieri SeiaraRebis yola?’’  SeuZlebelia, calsaxad, “ki”_s an “ara”_s pasuxi, Tuki miiCneva, rom Zlieri SeiaraRebis yola aucilebelia, magram am miznis misaRwevad gaweuli xarjebi scildeba aucileblobis zRvars. aseTi ramis Tavidan  asacileblad arasodes ar unda SevaerToT ori SekiTxva “da” an “an” _iT, romelTa dasma umjobesia cal-calke.

 

 

4. tendenciuroba. SesaZloa, kiTxva ise iyos formulirebuli, rom erTma pasuxma masze sxvas ziani miayenos. aseT kiTxvebs STamagonebel kiTxvebs uwodeben. Tuki, respodents vkiTxavT “winaRmdegi xarT mTeli qalaqis farglebSi skolis moswavleebis avtobusiT gadayvanisa mxolod imitom, rom skolebSi eTnikuri Tanasworoba iqnas miRweuli?”, misi pasuxi gadaixreba daTanxmebisken, im mdgomareobisgan gansxvavebiT, roca ismis kiTxva “rogori damokidebuleba gaqvT skolebSi Tanasworobis miRwevisaTvis, mTeli qalaqis farglebSi, bavSvebis avtobusiT gadayvanaze?”. kiTxvaSi gamoyenebuli iseTi frazebi, romlebic apelirebas axdenen sazogado normebze (rogoric aris “ramdenad xSirad asrulebT Tqvens samoqalaqo movaleobas, arCevnebSi monawileobiT?”) mivyavarT pasuxis damaxinjebnamde. frazebi, dakavSirebulni saxelmwifo an sazogadoebriv qmedebebTan, an organizaciebTan, agreTve, SeiZleba daamaxinjon Sedegi. magaliTad, kiTxvebi, romlebic iwyeba “eTanxmebiT uzenaes sasamarTlos imaSi, rom. . .?” an “iziarebT komunistebis mosazrebas imaze, rom. . .?”, aucileblad mivyavarT pasuxis damaxinjebamde.

 

Tuki, problemasTan dakavSirebiT urTierTsapirispiro Sexedulebebi arsebobs, maSin mniSvnelovania kiTxvebis ise formulireba, rom TiToeuli Tvalsazrisi gamoiyurebodes kanonzomierad. mizanSewonilia, kiTxvis Semdegnairad formulireba: “zog adamians, visTanac gvisaubria, miaCnia, rom federalur xelisuflebas navTobkompaniebi Tavisi kontrolis qveS unda hyavdes da maT saxelmwifo sawarmoebad unda miiCnevdes. meoreni fiqroben, rom es iqneboda seriozuli Secdoma. da Tqven rogor fiqrobT? Tqveni azriT, federalurma xelisuflebam unda moaqcios Tavis kontrolis qveS navTobkompaniebi?” tendenciuroba, rom Tavidan aviciloT, saWiroa Zalian frTxilad SevarCioT neitraluri sityvebi kiTxvis dasmis dros.

 

5. uaryofiTis mtkiceba. gamokiTxvis gamocdilebam aCvena, rom SekiTxvaTa tipi - “Tqven fiqrobT, rom aSS_m ar unda uxados reparaciebi vietnams?”, respodentebi xSirad miiCneven mtkicebiTi formiT dasmuls da pasuxoben ise, rom ar iZlevian maT pirad mosazrebas.

 

6. damajerebloba.  miuxedavad imisa, rom xSirad kiTxvis dasmisas winaswari axsna-ganmartebebi gvWirdeba, masSi, garkveuli, konkretuli mosazrebis datoveba arasworia. magaliTad, arakoreqtulia SekiTxva: “zogi fiqrobs, rom ramdenadac atomuri eleqtrosadguris ekspluatacia da misi samrewvelo narCenebis damiweba mraval saSiSroebasTanaa dakavSirebuli da ramdenadac uranis msoflio maragi, rac atomuri eleqtrosadgurisaTvis aris saWiro, nebismier SemTxvevaSi amoiwureba daaxloebiT 30 weliwadSi, aragonivrulia amdeni resursis daxarjva atomuri energiis  ganviTarebaSi, im dros, rodesac is SeiZleba mivmarToT usafrTxo da amouwuravi energiis wyaroebis ganviTarebaze, rogoricaa, mzis, qaris, meTanis. Tqven eTanxmebiT, rom Cvenma xelisuflebam mkveTrad unda Seimciros kapitaldabandeba atomuri energiis warmoebaSi?” garda imisa, rom es SekiTxva Zalian grZelia, rac SeiZleba respodentisTvis gaugebrobis wyaro gaxdes, is agreTve, pasuxis damaxinjebas iwvevs, im azriT, rom masSi gamotovebuli iqneba respodentis alternatiuli mosazreba arsebul problemasTan dakavSirebiT.

 

 

7. maRalfardovani sityvebi. kiTxvis dasmisas, respodentisTvis ucnobi terminebiT saubari iwvevs, mis gamousadegobas saWiro informaciis miRebis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, SekiTxva: “rogor fiqrobT, politikosebis umravlesoba egocentrulia?” an “Tqven mogwonT uzenaesi sasamarTlos aqtiurobis xarisxi?” – es saSualo klasis respodentisaTvis uazrod JRers. an kiTxva: “arsebul avtoritetTagan bevri fiqrobs, rom yvlegan farTodgavrcelebuli seni, rasac Tanamedrove qalaquri kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli dinamikuri cxovrebis stili ganapirobebs, warmoadgens gadaudebel problemas, romelsac saswrafo kompleqsuri federaluri saqalaqo politika esaWiroeba. fiqrrobT, rom msgavsi saxelmwifoebrivi, saqalaqo politika sasurvelia?”, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu respodentma kiTxva gaigo, aman misi gaucxoeba SeiZleba gamoiwvios, radgan mis TvalSi interviueri snobad SeiZleba gamoiyurebodes.

 

8. Jargonuli stili. kiTxvis formulirebisas araformalurobisken swrafvam SeiZleba zRvars gadagvacilos. Jargonuli sityvebis gamoyenebisas (magaliTad, “ar geCvenebaT, rom federalebma saxsrebiT gamotenes didi qalaqebi?” imis magier “ar geCvenebaT, rom federaluri xelisufleba bevr saxsrebs xarjavs urbanizaciis programebze?”) mkvlevari riskis qveS dgeba rig damokidebulebebSi. pirveli, respodents gamokiTxva araprofesionalurad SeiZleba moeCvenos, meore, Jargonis gamoyenebam SeiZleba gaaRizianos is respodentebi, vinc am ukanasknels saerTod ar xmarobs. garda amisa, respodentisa da interviueris mier Jargonis sxvadasxvagvarma gagebam SeiZleba urTierTgagebis dakargva gamoiwvios maT Soris. umjobesia, kiTxvis formulirebisas isini saerTod ar gamoviyenoT.

 

9. standartuli pasuxebiT waxaliseba. formulirebisas mTavari siZnele warmoiqmneba, maSin, rodesac dro modis raime delikatur Temaze kiTxvis dasmisa. adamianebis umravlesobas ar aqvs midrekileba isaubros pirad cxovrebaze, seqsualur cxovrebaze da TavianT politikur Sexedulebebzec ki. respodentis msgavsi SeboWiloba SeiZleba Tavidan aviciloT swored formulirebuli kiTxvis dasmis SemTxvevaSi. magaliTad, aviRoT kiTxvaTa iseTi tipi, romlebzedac pasuxis gacema sazogadoebaSi miRebulia gansazRvruli wesebis farglebSi. Tuki, msgavsi SekiTxva gansakuTrebiT guldasmiT ar aris formulirebuli, respodentma SeiZleba pasuxi gagvces miRebuli sazogadoebrivi normebis Sesabamisad, Tavisi piradi mosazrebisgan damoukideblad. aseTi SekiTxvebi rasobriv crurwmenebTan aris dakavSirebuli. ramdenadac, rasizmi amerikul sazogadoebaSi dasjadia, adamianebi, rogorc wesi, ar arian midrekilni RiaT isaubron TavianT rasobriv Sexedulebebze.

 

SemogTavazebT taqtikur xerxebs, gaTvlils Ria pasuxebis stimulirebisTvis socialurad ganpirobebuli SekiTxvebis dros. pirveli maT Soris mdgomareobs imaSi, rom respodents vaCvenoT sazogadoebaSi farTod gavrcelebuli da kanonzomierad dasjadi Sexedulebebi. magaliTad mas vkiTxoT: “bevrs miaCnia, rom iq, sadac Savkanianebi iwyeben Casaxlebas, cxovrebis done iwyebs dacemas. meoreni ar fiqroben, rom Savkanianebis Casaxleba raimes mkveTrad cvlis garSemomyofTa cxovrebaSi. eTanxmebiT Tu ara, rom Savkaniani mosaxleoba, rogoc wesi, warmoadgens mizezs garSemomyofTa cxovrebis gauaresebaSi?”. meore xerxi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom kiTxvis bolos gavakeToT imis prezumcia, rom respodenti socialurad gansjad qmedebas Cadis, an is emxroba arapopularul Sexedulebas; da Tuki, es ase ar aris, respodenti iZulebulia es yvelaferi uaryos. agreTve, SekiTxvis msgavsi forma respodents umsubuqebs “aRiarebas” socialurad gansjadi Sexedulebebis mimxrobis SemtxvevaSi. magaliTad, kiTxva: “ra zarals naxavs es raioni, rodesac aq zangebi dasaxldebian?” amsubuqebs rasobrivi Sexedulebebis gamoTqmas, gansxvavebiT ufro neitraluri kiTxvis formulirebisgan: “rogor fiqrobT, zarali miadgeba Tu ara am raions, Tuki aq Savkanianebi dasaxldebian?”

 

da bolos, Tuki Tqven gindaT respodentisgan moisminoT raimes, an vinmes Sesaxeb uaryofiTi damokidebuleba, mieciT mas dadebiTi damokidebulebis gamoTqmis saSualebac, radgan es yvelaferi respodentSi iwvevs sakuTari samarTlianobis aRqmis SesaZleblobas. SeecadeT iseTi, kiTxvebi, romelzedac uaryofiTi, an kritikuli pasuxebia mosalodneli CaanacvloT iseTiT, romelzec ufro pozitiuri reaqciaa savaraudo.

 

10. pasuxis “amoqaCva”. bevri fiqrobs, rom politikur procesebze sakuTari sazogadoebrivi azris ar qona sircxvilia da swored amitom, isini xSirad iseT raRaceebze saubroben, razec adre arc ki dafiqrebulan. am yvelaferma kvlevis damaxinjeba SeiZleba gamoiwvios. aseT SemTxvevas rom Tavi avaridoT, mizanSewonilia, savaraudo pasuxebidan gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas formulireba “ar maqvs garkveuli mosazreba”, an SevadginoT kiTxvebi ise rom pasuxis uqonloba sruliad SesaZlebeli aRmoCndes. magaliTad, ecadeT SekiTxva daiwyoT ase: “zogi adamiani fiqrobs, rom atomuri energia warmoadgens mniSvnelovan politikur problemas; zogs es sruliad ar awuxebs. da rogoria Tqveni mosazreba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT?”.

 

interviuerebis SerCeva

 

profesionali politologebi ara marto TviTon adgenen SekiTxvebs, aramed xSirad uxdebaT sxvaTa dayolieba gamoiTxvis warmarTvasTan dakavSirebiT. pirveli nabiji interviuerTa momzadebisa mgdomareobs Sesaferisi adamianebis SerCevaSi.

 

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom respodentebi ara marto kiTxvebze, aramed adamianebzec reagireben, romlebic kiTxvebs svamen da rogor akeTeben isini amas. gamokiTxvisas warmatebis miRwevaSi, gadamwyvetad SeiZleba iqces iseTi faqtorebi, rac dakiTxvasTan sruliad ar aris dakavSirebuli. gamokiTxvaTa gamocdilebam aSS_Si aCvena iseTi Zireuli principebi interviuerTa momzadebisa da SerCevisa, ramac respodentTa reaqtiuloba minimumamde unda daiyvanos.

 

1. interviueri dakiTxvisas unda iyos moridebuli da ar unda gamoiwvios respodentSi araviTari SiSi. magaliTad, is organizaciebi, romlebic specializirdebian gamokiTxvis warmarTvaze, interviuerad Zalian xSirad irCeven saSualo asakis qalbatonebs, radgan isini yvelaze iSviaTad iwveven SiSsa, Tu eWvs. amave mizezis gamo, interviueri xSirad unda iyos, rogorme, msgavsi respodentisa. aRmoCnda, rom, magaliTad, rasobrivi damokidebulebis kvlevisas, Savkaniani interviueris mier mopovebuli pasuxebi TeTrkanianebisa, Tu Savkanianebisagan, rogorc wesi, gansxvavdeba TeTrkaniani gamomkiTxvelebis mier gamokiTxvisas miRebuli pasuxebisagan. amasa garda, interviueri unda iyos metnaklebad moridebiT Cacmuli im klasze morgebiT, sadac gamokiTxvas awarmoebs, - magram, ra Tqma unda, aucileblad sufTad. gamomkiTxvelis garegnuli mxare Zalian cotas unda saubrobdes mis pirad midrekilebebsa da socialur mikuTvnebulobaze.

 

 

2. gamokiTxvisas interviueri unda iyos miukerZoebli, gaxsnili da keTilganwyobili. miukerZoeblobis qveS aq igulisxmeba is, rom kiTxvebis dasma da pasuxebis CaniSnva unda xdebodes avtomaturad, e.i. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda gamoixatos interviueris piradi keTilganwyoba, an ukmayofileba respodentis mier gacemul pasuxTan dakavSirebiT, ramac SeiZleba zegavlena moaxdinos mis formulirebaze gamokiTxulis mier. kiTxvebi dasmuli unda iyos, sityva sityviT ise, rogorc is aris formulirebuli. Tuki, respodentma ver gaigo pasuxi, kargma interviuerma axsna-ganmarteba ki ar unda daiwyos, aramed, ubralod, unda gaimeoros SekiTxva. iyo gaxsnili – pirvel rigSi niSnavs imas, rom Tavi geWiros ise, respodentSi ar gamoiwvio zedmeti undobloba da mtruli reaqcia. kargi gamokiTxvis stili unda iyos megobruli da amavedros, Sinaarsobrivi saubari.   

 

interviuerma ise unda gaiTavisos SekiTxvebi, rom SeumCneveli darCes mis mier maTi wakiTxvis mcdeloba. agreTve, mas unda hqondes momzadebuli im kiTxvebze pasuxebi, rac respodents SeiZleba daebados gamokiTxvis dros.

 

interviueri keTilganwyobilad gamoiyureba maSin, rodesac is respodents eqceva mowiwebiT da pativiscemiT. Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom intervierma ecados gamoiyurebodes neitraluri da miukerZoebeli yvela SekiTxvis dasmisas.

 

3. idealuri interviueri unda iyos sruliad gulwrfeli da saimedo, gawonasworebuli da mSvidi pirad urTierTobaSi. SemoTavazebul interviuerTa Soris unda veZeboT swored aseTi Tvisebebis mqone adamiani. xSirad xdeba ise, rom met-naklebad momzadebuli da kvlevisTvis Sesaferisi interviueric ki ver iRebs zustad im infrmacias, rac kvlevisaTvis aris mniSvnelovani. aseT SemTxvevaSi, mkvlevari iZulebulia gamokiTxva TviTonve Caataros gansakuTrebuli meTodebiT.

 

am yvelafris gaTvaliswineba aucilebeblia momaval interviuerTan muSaobisas. aris Semtxvevebi, rodesac SedarebiT kargad momzadebul da Sesaferis interviuersac ki ar SeuZlia saWiro informaciis Segroveba, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna. aseT SemTxvevaSi mkvlevars TviTon uwevs gamokiTxvis warmarTva da gansakuTrebuli meTodebis gamoyeneba.

 

 

mimarTuli interviuireba

 

 

politologiaSi uamravi sakvlevi SekiTxvaa, romlebzec pasuxis miReba SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gavigebT, rogor iqcevian garkveul situaciebSi konkretuli adamianebi, an adamianTa jgufebi. magaliTad, imisTvis, rom gavigoT ra motiviT xdeba ama Tu im kanonis miReba, unda movaxdinoT kanonmdebelTa interviuireba. aseTi saxis gamokiTxvas mimarTuli interviuireba ewodeba. am SemTxvevaSi xdeba adamianTa konkretuli jgufis interviuireba, romelTac gaaCniaT garkveuli informacia raime sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.

 

SerCeviT da mimarTul interviuirebebs Soris ZiriTadi gansxvaveba isaa, rom SerCeviTi interviuireba gamokiTxvisas iyenebs, met-neklebad, erTsa da imave midgomebs da kvlevis saboloo mizans SekiTxvaTa Sejameba warmoadgens.

 

mimarTuli interviuirebisas, ki respodentisadmi midgoma damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra saxis informacias flobs da ramdenad Rirebulia is. saboloo janSi, gamokiTxvis mizania, garkveuli movlenis logikuri axsna, an movlenebs Soris garkveuli kanonzomierebis danaxva.

 

kidev erTi gansxvaveba SerCeviT da mimarTul interviuirebas Soris aris is, rom pirvels gaaCnia, rogorc wesi, gegma, romlis mixedviTac xdeba mTeli kvlevis Catareba. mimarTuli interviuirebis dros ki msgavsi gegma xSirad ar gagvaCnia. gegmaSi igulisxmeba standartuli kiTxvari, anu SerCeviTi gamokiTxvis yvela respodents aqvs saSualeba msgavs SekiTxvebs gasces pasuxi, rac saboloo jamSi mkvlevarsac exmareba pasuxebi erTmaneTs Seadaros da ufro martivad miiRos Sedegi. Tumca, arsebobs minusebic, ZiriTadad is, rom kvlevis es saxe, winaswar aris moqceuli garveul CarCoebSi da amis gamo, xSirad, ikargeba mniSvnelovani informacia.

 

gegmis gareSe gamokiTxvisas ki, umetesad, gansxvavebul informaciebs viRebT da aseve, SesaZlebeblia iseTi cnobebis miReba, romlebmac SeiZleba sruliad Secvalos Cveni warmodgena movlenisadmi da axali kiTxvebi gagviCinos. msgavsi kvlevisas, interviuers ainteresebs garkveuli jgufis mosazrebebi da swored amitomac, isini ar zRudaven sakuTar Tavs garkveuli CarCoebiT, rogorc es SerCeviTi interviuirebisas xdeba.

 

mimarTul gamokiTxvas SeuZlia mogvces informacia, romelic gacilebiT Rirebuli iqneba konkretuli movlenis gasagebad, vidre nebismieri sxva meTodis gamoyenebisas. Tumca, aseTi informaciis flobisas, imis gamo, rom xSirad, respodentebi Tavad arian dainteresebulni sakvlevi TemiT, dgeba informaciis sandoobis sakiTxi. informaciis sandooba SeiZleba eWvqveS dadges im SemTxvevaSi, Tu respodents: (1) ar SeuZlia zustad gaacnobieros problemis arsi da amitom, ver mogvces zusti pasuxi; (2) gaaCnia arazusti informacia; (3) cdilobs sakuTar qmedebebs racionaluri mniSvneloba mianiWos; (4) ityueba.

 

Tumca, SesaZlebelia respodentis pasuxi iyos sruliad konkretuli. arsebobs garkveuli pirobebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac sasargeblo iqneboda:

 

1. arasodes mianiWoT respodentis pasuxs faqtis mniSvneloba;
2. arasodes daeyrdnoT erTi respodentis pasuxs (ecadeT gamokiTxoT, rac SeiZleba meti respodenti);
3. aucileblad unda ecadoT yvelanairi xerxiT gadavamowmoT miRebuli informacia;
4. SeiswavleT sakvlevi sakiTxi ise, rom SeZloT gaarCioT swori da araswori msjeloba sakiTxze;
5. yuradRebiT SearCieT sityvebi, radgan zogierTma maTganma SeiZleba SeaSinos, an daafrTxos respodenti. magaliTad, sityva “sikvdili” an “mkvleloba” SesaZlebelia Canacvlebul iqnas - “saqmis mogvareba didi zewoliT”;
6. saboloo jamSi, imis albaToba, rom mimarTuli interviuirebis monacemebi iyos araswori Zalze didia.

 

 

mimarTuli interviuirebis meTodika

 

 

erT-erTi pirveli kiTxva, rasTan SeWidebac mkvlevars uwevs, es aris kiTxva imis Sesaxeb vin unda gamokiTxos. SerCeviTi interviuirebis dros, rodesac yvela respodenti Tanabar donezea kvlevisaTvis saWiro informaciis miwodebis SesaZleblobiT, gamosayenebeli asarCevi meTodebi gvexmareba ganvsazRvroT, vin unda gamoikiTxos. mimarTuli interviuirebis dros, yuradReba unda mivaqcioT im  faqtors, rom potenciuri respodentebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian imiT, ramdenad gamosadegni SeiZleba iyvnen kvlevisaTvis da ramdenad unikaluria CvenTvis is informacia, risi mowodebac TiToeul maTgans SeuZlia.  xSirad winaswari dakvirvebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom mkvlevarisaTvis saintereso sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli informacias mosaxleobis mTeli jgufi flobs. magaliTad, Tu Cven vikvlevT romelime saprezidento komisiis saqmianobas, maSin mokle analizi iqneba sakmarisi, raTa warudginoT komisiis wevrebs, mis samdivnos, eqspertebsa da respodentebs. Tuki, mxolod, “xelisuflebis struqturas” vikvlevT da Cveni mizania gavigoT, vis uWiravs marTvis berketebi qalaq “N”_Si, maSin Cven ver vipoviT raime oficialur CamonaTvals adamianebisa, romelTac zegavlena gaaCniaT politikur cxovrebaze am qalaqSi. vin unda gamoikiTxos aseT SemTxvevaSi interviuerma damoukideblad unda gadawyvitos.

 

rodesac potenciuri respodentebi SerCeulia, Cndeba kiTxva – ra TanmimdevrobiT movaxdinoT maTi gamokiTxva. Cveulebriv, arsebobs im adamianTa pirvelad dakiTvis cduneba, vinc metnaklebad keTilganwyobilia saubrisTvis, an iseTi respodentebis, vinc yvelaze srul informacias flobs. magram am SemTxvevaSi, unda gaviTvaliswinoT ori ram. pirvelad, saqme imaSia, rom nebismieri mimarTuli interviuireba Seicavs garkveul mecnierul aRmoCenebs. iSviaTad xdeba ise, rom dasawyisSive srulad warmovidginoT raze mogviwevs kiTxvebis dasma. intervius daswyis etapze, SesaZlebelia, movipovoT iseTi faqtebi, rac dagvexmareba gamokiTxvis procesSi mniSvnelovani infformaciis mopovebaSi. swored amitom, CvenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani pirebis interviuireba umjobesia bolosTvis gadavdoT. meores mxriv, mimarTuli interviuirebis dros, saqme gvaqvs ufro kvlevis sagniT dainteresebul respodentebTan, vidre es SerCeviTi gamokiTxvis dros xdeba.  am SemTxvevaSi, yvela respodentisagan gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovani Sexedulebis miRebas unda velodeT Cvens sakvlev obieqtTan dakavSirebiT, ramac SeiZleba dagvakargvinos warmodgena imaze, Tu vis ufro meti informacia gaaCnia konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT da visi gamokiTxva iqneba CvenTvis ufro sasargeblo. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar Seizleba respodentebis Serceva da maTi gamokiTxvis Tanmimdevroba ganvsazRvroT mTlianad im respodentebis winadadebebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic manamde gamovkiTxeT, magram maT mier mowodebuli informaciis raRac nawilis gaTvaliswineba dasaSvebia. agreTve, Tu adre gamokiTxulma respodentma SemogvTavaza kidev sxva adaminis gamokiTxva, xSirad, es yvelaferi miuTiTebs garkveuli aliansis an sxva komunikaciuri urTierTqmedebis Sesaxeb. amas garda, ramdenadac didia SesaZlebloba, rom respodentebi erTmaneTs icnoben da dakavSirebulni arian Cven sakvlev obieqtTan, Zalian mniSvnelovania yuradReba mivaqcioT imas, rom gamokiTxvis pirvelma etapma ziani ar miayenos kvlevis Semdgom warmarTvas. SeZlebisdagvarad, Tavidan unda aviciloT disidentebis, opoziciis liderebis, eqstremistebis an nebismieri koaliciis liderebis pirvelad dakiTxva, radgan am yvelaferze gavrcelebuli xmebi sxva respodentebamde SeiZleba mivides da winaswar daafrTxos isini, an gauRvivos maT uaryofiTi damokidebuleba gamokiTxvisadmi.

 

yovelive zemoT xsenebulidan gamomdinare, umjobesia pirvelad gamovkiTxoT is adamianebi, visac dadebiTi damokidebuleba aqvT gansaxilveli movlenisadmi, an isini, visi uSualo damokidebulebac am sakiTxisadmi iTvleba neitralurad. magaliTad, Tuki vikvlevT sakanonmdeblo organos Zalauflebas ama Tu im StatSi, dasawyisSi umjobesia gamovkiTxoT am organos rigiTi TanamSromlebi (ZiriTadi samuSao organo, romelTanac yvelas aqvs Sexeba, vinc sakanonmdeblo saqmianobasTan aris dakavSirebuli) da mxolod amis Semdeg gamovkiTxoT ZiriTadi moqmedi pirebi sakanonmdeblo struqturaSi. gonivruli iqneba respodentebs avuxsnaT, rom gamokiTxva kvleviTi xasiaTisaa da SesaZlebelia kiTxvebis gacnobisa da pasuxebis Camoyalibeba winaswar, Tavad interviuirebis dawyebamde.

 

mimarTuli interviuireba SeiZleba Sromatevad saqmianobad mogveCvenos, ramdenadac elitaluri respodentebi – xSirad saqmiani adamianebi arian, maT dakiTxvas ki, rogorc wesi, sakmao dro miaqvs (saSualod, saaTi an meti).  intervius momzadebisas Semdegi rekomendaciebi SeiZleba iyos sasargeblo (miuxedavad imisa, rom calkeul SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba arasasurvelad mogveCvenos, an SeuZlebeli iyos maTi gamoyeneba) :

 

1.   gamokiTxvis droze aucileblad SeTanxmdiT winaswar (telefoniT an eleqtronuli fostis saSualebiT), ar gamocxaddeT moulodnelad, rogorc es SerCeviTi interviuirebis dros xdeba.

 

 

2.   ecadeT interviuze Tavad respodents SeuTanxmdeT da ara mis asistents, an mdivans.

 

 

3.   Tavi aarideT intervius miznis dawvrilebiT aRweras, radganac aman, SeiZleba, momaval respodents mis romelime eqspert-TanamSromelTan Tqveni gagzavnis survili aRuZras.

 

 

4.   yovelTvis ecadeT interviuze uaris Tqmis mizezi gaigoT da SeZlebisdagvarad ecadeT mis Tavidan acilebas. magaliTad, Tuki problema drois uqonlobasTanaa dakavSirebuli, SeTavazeT intervius warmarTva arasamuSao saaTebSi; Tuki, problema Tqvendami undoblobaSia, ecadeT im adamianis rekomendacias daeyrdnoT, visi ndobac gaaCnia potenciur respodents.

 

 

5.   aucileblad iqonieT sabuTebi, sponsorisa da Tqveni piradobis dadastirebisa (raime gaugebrobis warmoSobis SemTxvevisaTvis).

 

 

mimarTuli interviuireba ar SeiZleba warimarTos iseTi wesebiT, rac gamodgeba SerCeviTi interviuirebis dros. deksteri wers, rom “TiTqmis universaluri wesebi mimarTuli da specializirebuli interviusaTvis aris is, rom saukeTeso saSualeba  konkretul situaciaSi gamokiTxvis Catarebisa ganisazRvreba TviT am situaciidan gamomdinare (codnisa da interviueris pirovnuli Tvisebebis CaTvliT). mimarTuli interviuireba, SerCeviT gamokiTxvasTan SedarebiT unda iyos ufro moqnili da mravalferovani. SeiZleba, calsaxad, SemoTavazebul iqnas is saerTi rCevebi, rac umravles SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba gamogvadges:

 

1.    intervius dasawyisSi aucileblad waradgineT Tavi da mokled gadmoeciT kvlevis sagani; ar ifiqroT, rom respodentma yvelaferi isedac kargad gaigo Tqvens mier miwerili weriliT, an TqvenTan adre SexvedriT.

 

 

2.    gadamwyveti roli SeiZleba iTamaSos im pirobebma, romelSic intervius aReba mimdinareobs. SeZlebisdagvarad, Tavidan unda aviciloT yuradRebis gadamtani faqtorebi. magaliTad, intervius aRebis mcdeloba restoranSi sadilobis dros, an respodentis Svilebis daswreba interviuirebis dros xSirad nakleb iRbliania. calsaxad, zog SemTxvevebSi, sasargebloa intervius warmarTva uCveulo adgilebSi (parkSi, avtobusSi, muzeumSi) imisaTvis, raTa respodents Tavisufali atmosfero SevuqmnaT da davexmaroT warsuli movlenebis gaxsenebaSi.

 

 

3.    miuxedavad imisa, rom zogjer jgufuri interviuireba SeiZleba dagvexmaros konsesusis miRwevaSi rigi faqtorebis Sefasebisas, an gamoavlinos piradi urTierTobebi jgufis SigniT, mainc umjobesia erTdroulad gamovkiTxoT araumetes erTi adamianisa.

 

 

4.    interviu unda warimarTos damafiqrebel da megobrul atmosferoSi. ar wamoisroloT yvela SekiTxva erTdroulad. ar SeuSindeT pauzebs, rac, SeiZleba, Tqven an respodents dasWirdes, raTa azrebs Tavi mouyaroT.

 

 

5.    gulmodgineT moifiqreT ra SekiTxvebi unda dasvaT Tavdapirvelad. pirveli ramodenime SekiTxva Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan isini axdenen respodentis yuradRebis fokusirebas, mis mexsierebas uweven stimulirebas da exmarebian mas gaerkves, Tu zustad ra gsurT misgan. dasawyisi SekiTxvebi unda iyos: (a) uSualod dakavSirebuli arsebuli kvlevis saganTan, (b) sakmaod neitraluri, rom respodentma SeZlos masze yovelgvari SiSis gareSe pasuxebis gacema, (g) ise formulirebuli, rom respodents interviueri moeCvenos sakmaod kargad gaTviTcnobierebuli kvlevis saganSi, (d) gaTvlili Tavisufali pasuxebis misaRebad, ara mSrali da ubralo pasuxebisaTvis (Tuki gesaWiroebaT sufTad faqtebze dayrdnobili cnobebi, amas miiReebT Semdegom, intervius msvlelobisas). SesavlisaTvis ukeTesia iseTi SekiTxvebi, sadac aqcenti keTdeba respodentis damokidebulebaze kvlevis sagnisadmi, an misi gagebis xarisxze am movlenasTan dakavSirebiT.

 

 

6.    SerCeviTi interviuirebisagan gansxvavebiT, mimarTuli interviuirebis dros dasaSvebia mravalgvari interpretacia. daimaxsovreT, rom Tqveni amocana aris – gaigoT, ras foqroben movlenaze da ras grZnoben masTan dakavSirebiT TviT respodentebi.

 

 

7.    saWiro pasuxis provocirebaSi, mimarTuli interviuirebis dros, SeiZleba dagvexmaros komentarebic. magaliTad, aseTi saxis SeniSnva “nu, Cveulebriv, amas ase ar akeTeben” respodentis mxridan SeiZleba gamoiwvios sapasuxo msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, misi azriT, rogor “akeTeben amas”.

 

 

8.    SeZlebisdagvarad yovelTvis uyureT TvalebSi respodents (Tuki es misTvis arasasiamovnoa) ise, rom man SeamCnios, rogor yuradRebiT da TanagrZnobiT usmenT mas. ubralo frazebi “me mesmis. . .” an “ra Tqma unda. . .” an damafiqrebeli “diax. . .” dagexmarebaT respodentis gamxnevebaSi, raTa aalaparakoT is. daimaxsovreT, rom mTavari jildo, romelsac respodenti iRebs vrceli intervius dros, - aris SesaZlebloba “gaanaTlos” is, visTvisac Zalian saintereso da mniSvnelovania kvlevis sagani. swored amitom, sasargebloa gavagebinoT respodents, rom is marTlac Zalian gvexmareba informaciis mowodebiT.

 

 

9.    respodentis komentarebs, rogoric ar unda iyon isini, umjobesia, daveTanxmoT. ar aCvenoT respodents, rom Tqven ar eTanxmebiT mis mosazrebas, an eWvi SegaqvT mis mier aRniSnul faqtebSi.

 

 

10.  me_9 wesSi gamonaklisia is SemTxvevebi, rodesac respodents ar surs TqvenTvis im informaciiis mowodeba, romelsac Tqven TvliT, rom is emxroba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, aucilebeli xdeba e.w. “nadelis meTodi”. is mdgomareobs imaSi, rom interviueri Tavis Tavze iRebs kritikosis, an oponentis rols respodentTan mimarTebaSi, cdilobs ra misi mosazrebebisa da Tezisebis wamoyenebas, raTa respodenti aalaparakos. saWiro informaciis miRebisaTvis SeiZleba gamogvadges mtrobis raRac dozac.

 

 

11.   respodents, romelic gaurbis informaciis gacemas, radgan eSinia misTvis es saziano ar gaxdes, xSirad mogviwevs gadavafiqrebinoT saSiSroebis Sesaxeb, SexsenebT ra mas, rom gamokiTxva mkacrad konfidencialur xasiaTs atarebs da mkvlevari araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar moaxdens respodentis saqmianobaze gavlenas.

 

 

12.  intervius msvlelobisas Canawerebis warmoeba wamoadgens Sedegis miRwevis erT-erT yvelaze sasargeblo meTods. mimarTuli interviuirebis dros (SerCeviTi interviuirebisagan gansxvavebiT, rodesac CaniSvnebis gakeTeba gviwevs SeumCnevlad) is, Tu, rogor akeTebs interviueri Canawerebs, respodentSi aRZravs faqtis ufro detalizebis survils. Tuki, Tqven yvelafers gulmodgineT iwerT, respodentisTvis es niSnavs, rom TqvenTvis yvela mis mier mowodebuli informacia mnSvnelovania; Tuki, Tqven kalams gverdiT gadadebT – es imas niSnavs, rom respodenti sakvlev Temas mniSvnelovnad gascda. ramdenadac Tqven mogiwevT sakmaod vrceli Canawerebis gakeTeba, am yvelafris Seumcnevlad gakeTeba SeuZlebelia, amitom, paralelurad SeiZleba CainiSnoT is yvelaferi, rac sayuradReboa.

 

 

13.   SeecadeT respopdentis qcevis stilsa da xasiaTs SeewyoT. zogi adamianisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Tavis daWera xazgasmulad xistad,  meoreni, piriqiT, Zalian modunebulni arian; pirvelni apelireben TiTqmis gamonaklis ganyenebul Temebze, meoreni ki cdiloben yovelive gulTan ufro axlos miitanon da Tavisi gamocdilebiT gaamyaron. zogni mieCvivnen ufrosobis wesebiT urTierTobas, zogni ki ZiriTadad xelqveiTebi arian. Tqven ki, met informacias miiRebT, Tuki am rolTagan erT-erTis morgebas iswavliT. ar SeiZleba intervius dawyebamde, winaswar mkacrad gadawyvetoT, rogor stilSi imoqmedebT interviuirebis dros – es yvelaferi, mxolod respodentTan saubris Semdeg SeiZleba gadawydes.

 

 

14.  aucileblad gadaxedeT Tqvens Canawerebs intevius dasrulebis Semdeg, radgan CaiweroT Tqveni komentarebi masze da gadaamuSaoT is punqtebi, romlebizec mxolod zogad farglebSi mogixdaT Sexeba. Zalian mniSvnelovania, rac SeiZleba naklebad vendoT Cvens maxsovrobas, maSinac ki Tu Tqven mogiwiaT ramodenime saaTis gatareba mouxerxebel barSi, an gayinul manqanebis salonSi.

 

 

15.   Tqveni xelnawerebi, rac SeiZleba male dabeWdeT, gadaiReT ramodenime egzemplarad da SeinaxeT cal-calke, rom ar dakargoT.

 

 

gamokiTxvis dros magnitofonis gamoyenebas gaaCnia, rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi mxareebi. magnitofons SeuZlia daiWiros tonis cvlileba da gvexmareba Tavi davaRwioT naTqvamis gadmocemisas mis damaxinjebaSi. amas garda, interviuers SeuZlia Tavis Tavsac mousminos, rogorc mxares. es sasargebloa, radgan kiTxvis dasmis forma SeiZleba arsebiTi aRmoCndes pasuxis interpretaciisas. sirTule mdgomareobs imaSi, rom magnitofoni, xSirad, respodentis saubars “atormuzebs“, ramdenadac mas arTmevs SesaZleblobas Semdgom uaryos Tavisi sityvebi, Tuki raime gaugebroba warmoiSoba. zogjer respodents eSinia, rom Canaweri gamoqveynebuli iqneba damaxinjebuli saxiT. amas garda, TviT magnitofonis gamoyenebis teqnikam SeiZleba respodentis yuradReba SekiTxvidan sxva rameze gadaitanos. gadawyvetileba imis Sesaxeb, gamoviyenoT Tu ara magnitofoni, yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi mkvlevarma unda miiRos, dasasmeli kiTxvebis tipisa da respodentis Tvisebebidan gamomdinare. Tuki, ganxilvis obieqti Zalian delikaturia, an Tuki magnitofoni respodentisTvis “ukuCvenebas“ iwvevs, maSin naTelia, rom am yvelafris safasuri gadaswonis misi gamoyenebis upiratesobas. Tuki grZeli interviu gvelis, mravalgvari teqnikuri detalebiT, maSin magnitofoni Seucvlelic ki SeiZleba iyos.

 

magnitofonis gamoyenebisas, ar damaloT is da moaTavseT ise, rom is respodentis Tvalwin idos. winaswar SeamowmeT misi muSaubis xarisxi, rom darwmundeT misi gamoyenebis sargeblianobaSi. arasodeds ar endoT srulad magnitofons. is SeiZleba gafuWdes, rac migviyvans intervius teqstis Seuqcevad dakargvamde. swored amitom, paralelurad yovelTvis gaakeTeT furcelze Canawerebi xeliT.

 

da bolos, mTavari problema mimarTuli interviuirebis dros – es mis konfidencialuribaSia, romelic aq imaze mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs, vidre SerCeviTi interviuirebis dros, ramdenadac xSirad respodentisgan moiTxovs iseT informacias, romlis borotad gamoyenebam, an gamoqveynebam SeiZleba arasasurveli socialuri Sedegebi gamoiwvios. mkvlevari, iZleva ra konfidencialurobis garantias (da amis gakeTeba usaTuod saWiroa), valdebulia iRonos yvelaferi, raTa SeinarCunos informaciis saidumlooba. xSirad amis gakeTeba ufro advilia, vidre SerCeeviTi interviuirebis dros, ramdenadac mimarTuli gamokiTxvisas, Tuki mkvlevari Seinaxavs Canawerebs saimedo adgilas, maSin arsebobs garkveuli garantia, rom isini sajaro sakuTreba ar gaxdeba. saidumlos gamxelis saSiSroeba yvelaze xSirad maSin iCens Tavs, rodesac mkvlevari xelnaweris, an magnitofonis Canaweris dasabeWdaT mbeWdavs mimarTavs. Tuki, mas am samuSaos Sesruleba Tavad saerTod ar SeuZlia, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, daxmareba unda sTxovos mxolod sando adamians da SeZlebisdagvarad saidumlod Seinaxos respodentis vinaoba mbeWdavisagan. ar SeiZleba gamokiTxvis masalebTan gareSe pirebis miSveba.

 

 

specializirebuli interviuireba

 

rig SemTxvevebSi, mkvlevars esaWiroeba informaciis miwodeba ara unikaluri respodentebisagan, rogorc es mimarTuli interviuirebis dros xdeba, an ara respodentebisagan, romlebic arian garkveuli mTliani dasaxlebis warmomadgenlebi, rogorc SeerCeviTi interviuirebis dros, aramed sakmaod viwro dasaxlebis tipiuri wamomadgenlebis informacia. es iwvevs specializirebuli interviuirebis warmarTvis saWiroebas.

 

specializirebuls warmoadgens iseTi gamokiTxva, sadac respodentis garkveuli gansakuTrebuloba moiTxovs gamokiTxvis sxvagvar teqnikas, arasasurvels SerCeviTi interviuirebis dros. gamokiTxva - bavSvebis, uvici mozrdilebis, patimrebis, miyruebuli raionebis loTebis, suliT avadmyofebis, muSa-emigramtebis, romelTac adgilobrivi ena ar ician, - warmoadgens specializirebuli interviuirebis magaliTebs. msgavsi gamokiTxvebi gansaxvavdeba SerCeviTi interviuirebisagan rigi TaviseburebebiT. pirveli, specializirebuli gamokiTxvis dros xdeba ise, rom mkvlevari da respodenti saubroben gansxvavebul enebze. mkvlevaris mier gamoyenebuli sityvebi, drodadro, SeiZleba respodentisTvis arasasiamovno aRmoCndes. agreTve, respodentma SeiZleba gamoiyenos interviuerisaTvis gaugebari Jargonuli gamonaTqvamebi, an kvlevisaTvis umniSvnelo faqtebi. specializirebuli interviuirebis meore ganmasxvavebeli niSani mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mkvlevari ar aris darwmunebuli respodentis wera-kiTxvis codnaSi, mis unar-Cvevebis arsebobaSi, rac bunebrivia Cveulebrivi kulturuli adamianisaTvis. damatebiT, komunikaciis garkveul Taviseburebas respodentsa da gamomkiTxvels Soris specializirebul interviuirebamde mivyavarT. im dros, rodesac Cveulebrivi respodentebi interviuerebs uyureben, rogoc Tanasworebs, visTanac SeiZleba megobrulad da ndobiT mopyroba, specializirebuli gamokiTxvisas respodentebi SeiZleba iyvnen undobelni, an mtrulad ganwyobilni, romlebic interviuers uyureben, rogorc Zalauflebis mqones. aseT SemTxvevaSi urTierToba SeiZleba sakmaod garTuldes; SeiZleba daeces pasuxebis saimedoobac.

 

swored amitom, specializirebuli interviuirebis dros mkvlevarma ar unda ifiqros, rom normaluri urTierToba respodentTan TavisTavad mogvardeba. piriqiT, respodentTan kontaqti TandaTanobiT unda mowesrigdes da mxolod ndobis arsebobaSi darwmunebis Semdeg SeiZleba gamokiTxvis dawyeba.

 

ganvixiloT Semdegi magaliTi. Tuki Cven gvsurs gavigoT, skolis moswavleebis azri amerikuli politikuri sistemis legitimurobis Sesaxeb, maSin, Tavdapirvelad, mogviwevs ganvsazRvroT ra aris “legitimacia” da, agreTve, davrwmundeT, rom Cvenma axalgazrda respodentebi sworad igeben ras vgulisxmobT, rodesac “politikur sistemaze” vsaubrobT. davrwmundebiT ra, rom maT es yvelaferi gaiTavises da davsvamT ra ZiriTad kiTxvebs, unda davsvaT damatebiTi, sakontrolo SekiTxvebic, raTa ganvsazRvroT, aqvs Tu ara skolis moswavleebis pasuxebs iseTi mniSvneloba, rogoric SeiZleboda qonoda mowifuli adamianebis pasuxebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, gamoviyenoT aseTi ram: SevTavazoT Cvens respodentebs magaliTebi, rodesac skolis moswavleebs Tavi ise uWiravT, rom maTTvis ama Tu im dawesebulebis legitimurobis done cnobilia da amis Semdeg vTxovoT TiToeul respodents aRwerili moqmedebis nimuSis interpretireba  legitimurobis terminebis gamoyenebiT da isaubron, moiqceodnen TviTon aseT situaciaSi msgavsad Tu ara. Tuki respodenti am SeTxzul qmedebebs araswori gziT waiyvans, an is dauSvebs, rom SeeZlo Caedina qmedeba, romelic manamde man sityvebiT gadmogvca legitimurobaze, maSin Cven naklebad SevZlebT CavTvaloT, rom es respodenti sakuTar pasuxebs gebulobs iseTive mniSvnelobiT, rogorc Cven gavigeT.

 

interviuireba SeiZleba iyos Zalian mdidari wyari sociologisTvis. magram efeqturobis misaRwevad, interviuireba moiTxovs mkvlevarisagan mxatvruli unar_Cvevebis qonas. am saqmeSi arc-erT literaturas ar SeuZlia Caanacvlos praqtikuli gamocdileba.

 

 

 

 

                      Targmani – Teona babunaSvilis.